Opioid Statistics
Percent of heroin users who reported starting with prescription opioids
What is approximately 80 percent?
A group identified as potentially being at higher risk of PIP in the U.S.
What are elderly adults?
The unabbreviated version of PIP
What is: potentially inappropriate opioid prescribing practices?
Used for descriptive analysis in the PIP study
What is GIS mapping?
The name (brand or generic) of the medication administered to reverse and opioid overdose
What is Narcan or Naloxone?
The increase in overdose deaths in the state of Michigan since the year 2000
What is 10-fold?
The exposure and outcomes of interest in the study.
What are PIP (exposure) and OD counts/population proportions (outcomes)?
The potential benefit of looking at PIP through a spatial lens
What is the ability to design and implement more effective interventions?
The group/condition/diagnosis that led individuals to be excluded from the spatial analysis in the PIP study.
What is late stage cancer diagnosis?
The opioid overdose rate across the nation
What is 10.4 per 100,000?
The percentage increase in Washtenaw county residents who died of an opioid overdose from 2020 to 2021?
What is 28 percent?
The unabbreviated version of LISA
What is local indicators for spatial autocorrelation?
The direction of the overall increasing trend of PIP subtype distribution across the state of MA in the study.
What is east to west?
The level of aggregation for PIP and overdose events in the PIP study.
What is at the zip code level?
Triple wave theory
What are the three overlapping “phases” of the opioid epidemic based upon supply/source and demand across the U.S.
The number of death due to synthetic narcotic overdoses in the state of Michigan for the year 2020
What is the juxtaposition of opioid overdose deaths and PIP? Or what is the inclusion of two PIP subtypes not previously utilized.
The PIP subtype that did not have any clusters identified by hotspot analysis across MA.
What is multiple pharmacies?
The two methods of spatial analysis utilized in the PIP study.
What are GIS mapping (descriptive) and hotspot cluster analysis?
The percentage of lethal drug overdoses in the U.S. in the year 2015 due to prescription pain relievers.
What is approximately 50%?
The number of opioid overdose deaths in Michigan in the year 2018
What is 2,599?
One of the key findings of the study
What is inconsistent relationships between PIP subtypes and fatal overdoses (regions of fatal overdose hotspot and PIP hotspot overlap, as well as divergence)?
The 6 sub-types of PIP
What are MMEs, no pain diagnosis, cash payments, multiple pharmacies, multiple prescribers, benzodiazepines and opioids?
The two PIP subtypes across which 6 areas of clusters were identified through hotspot analysis?
What are cash payment and co-prescription (opioids and benzodiazepines)?
The biggest factor that is thought to be the driver of each of the first, second, and third waves of the opioid epidemic
What are prescription opioids (first), heroin (second), and synthetic opioids (third)?