SYMPTOMS 101
A core behavioral symptom where the child frequently argues with authority figures.
What is Defiance or Argumentativeness?
A type of environmental risk factor involving inconsistent discipline or neglect in the family unit.
What are Parenting/Family Issues or Inconsistent Discipline?
The manual published by the American Psychiatric Association used to diagnose ODD.
What is the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition)?
The primary form of treatment for ODD, focusing on teaching the child new coping skills and reducing negative behaviors.
What is Psychotherapy or Behavioral Therapy?
ODD frequently co-occurs with this common neurodevelopmental disorder that involves inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
This emotional symptom is characterized by being easily annoyed, often losing one's temper, or being overly sensitive.
What is Irritability?
This biological factor relates to differences in the part of the brain responsible for impulse control and judgment.
What are Differences in Brain Structure/Function or Neurological Factors?
For children under 5, symptoms must occur on this frequency most days.
What is Most Days (or Daily)?
A highly recommended treatment that involves teaching parents positive reinforcement and effective discipline strategies.
What is Parent Management Training (PMT) or Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)?
This more severe, related disorder may develop in a small number of children with ODD and includes violations of the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms.
What is Conduct Disorder (CD)?
The term for behavior specifically aimed at annoying or deliberately upsetting other people.
What is Vindictiveness (or Spitefulness/Malice)?
This is the term for a child's natural predisposition or personality, which can be a risk factor if it includes difficult behaviors.
What is Temperament?
The required number of symptoms from the three clusters that must be present for a diagnosis of ODD.
What are Four Symptoms?
This specific technique uses planned ignoring of mild misbehavior and providing praise for desirable behavior.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
This common emotional disorder may co-occur with ODD, characterized by excessive worry and nervousness.
What is Anxiety Disorder?
The minimum duration, according to the DSM-5, that ODD symptoms must persist for a diagnosis.
What are Six Months?
A risk factor that includes being exposed to high levels of stress, violence, or trauma in the home or community.
What are Environmental Stressors (or Adverse Childhood Experiences)?
In children aged 5 or older, symptoms must occur on this frequency.
What is At Least Once Per Week?
A type of therapy that aims to teach the child how to recognize and solve problems and reduce cognitive biases, like viewing others' actions as hostile.
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
The term for the presence of two or more disorders in the same individual.
What is Comorbidity?
The ODD symptom cluster in the DSM-5 that includes being touchy, easily annoyed, and often angry/resentful.
What is Angry/Irritable Mood?
Having a parent or close relative with a history of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or personality disorders suggests this type of influence.
What is a Genetic/Heritable Component?
This criterion for ODD diagnosis ensures that the behaviors cause a clinically significant impairment in social, educational, or occupational functioning.
What is Distress/Impact on Functioning?
The type of medication that might be prescribed, not to treat ODD itself, but to manage severe co-occurring conditions like ADHD or mood disorders.
What are Psychotropic Medications (or Mood Stabilizers/Stimulants/Antidepressants)?
When ODD symptoms like aggression and irritability are severe, they may sometimes be misdiagnosed as this mood disorder in children.
What is Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)?