Ocular Anatomy
This part of the eye can constrict and dilate in response to light and is routinely checked on every eye exam
The pupil (acceptable also iris)
This eye condition is typically due to high intra-ocular pressures and if not controlled can lead to permanent visual field loss
Glaucoma
For this test, one question we ask is "are the horizontal and vertical lines straight, or are any curvy or distorted?"
Amsler Grid
What condition are we mainly ruling out when a patient comes in with complaints of new flashes/floaters?
A retinal detachment
This machine is in every room and acts as a magnifier to allow the doctor to look at/inside the patients eyes
Slit Lamp
This layer of the eye converts light signal into neural signal and sends that signal throughout the brain
The Retina
This eye condition can lead to increase glare, haloes around lights, and overall decreased visual acuity. If bad enough, surgery is indicated.
Typically no pain or physical discomfort is associated with it
Cataracts
Name three tests that might be performed on a glaucoma patient during an office visit
Visual field, IOPs, ONH OCT, gonioscopy or Pachy
Name two side effects of dilation (as part of the dilation warning that you should be giving to every patient before you dilate them)
Blurry up-close vision and increased sensitivity to light
The name for the white part of the eye
Sclera
EOMs: How many muscles does each eye have that help move the eye in different positions of gaze?
Bonus: can you name them?
6
SR, SO, IR, IO, LR, MR
This eye condition is when the eye jerks side to side uncontrollably. There is typically a fast-jerk movement followed by a slow-jerk movement.
Nystagmus
Name two tests performed on a patient currently taking Plaquenil (Hydroxycholoroquine)
10-2 visual field, Mac OCT, dilation, FP more truely AF
Name two different drugs, and their percentages, that are used to dilate a patient
0.5% or 1% tropicamide, 2.5% phenylephrine, 1% cyclopentolate, 1% atropine, fluress, 0.5% proparacaine
This is the name for a quick eye movement where you "jump" your eyes from one target to another target
Saccades
Put theses tissues in order from closest to furthest away relative to the vitreous.
Choroid, RPE (retinal pigment epithelium), Sclera, Retina
Retina, RPE, Choroid, Sclera
This eye condition can lead to permanent, progressive central vision loss and the main reason why is due to lack of nutrients in the central part of the retina and reduced ability to remove waste
Name two specific tests that can be done to monitor the progression of this disease
Macular Degeneration
Mac OCT, Amsler Grid, dark adaptation testing, dilation, FP
This test is an automatic tool that removes/cleans/exfoliates the lids/lashes
-You typically only see it used on Fridays..
Blephex
Name two ways to help alleviate pain in-office for a patient who is suffering from a significant corneal abrasion
Bandage Contact lens, amniotic membrane, proparacaine, topical NSAID, or cyclopentolate
This is the medical term for an "eye turn"
Strabismus
Which is more nasally located, the ONH or the macula?
Is the blind spot in our temporal visual field or our nasal visual field?
The ONH
Temporal visual field
Name three abnormalities in the back of the eye that can be present in diabetic retinopathy
Retinal hemes, cotton wool spots (ischemia), fluid under the retina (macular edema), IRMA, venous beading, vitreous hemes, Neovascularization of the disc or anywhere
Name two immuno-suppressant eye drops used to help treat dry eye
Restasis (cyclosporine), Xiidra (Lifitegrast), Cequa (cyclosporine)
Patient is complaining of acute, unilateral skin lesions and some redness and mild puffiness only affecting one side of the face and body, what is that number one diagnosis that we are thinking?
Herpes Zoster
This is a term for perception of depth and is being tested when we do the "Randot" test during entrance testing
Stereopsis