Finance
This term describes the portion of a company's profit distributed to shareholders, usually in cash or additional stock.
What is a dividend?
This term describes the economic principle where a higher price typically leads to a lower quantity demanded, and a lower price leads to a higher quantity demanded.
What is the law of demand?
This is the process of transforming raw data into a more usable and understandable form for analysis.
What is data cleaning (or data preprocessing)?
This field of mathematics studies vector spaces, linear mappings between these spaces, and the properties of vector operations, particularly in multi-dimensional spaces.
What is linear algebra?
A farmer has 17 sheep, and all but 9 die. How many are left?
What is 9?
The acronym CAPM stands for this model, which describes the relationship between expected return and risk in financial markets.
What is the Capital Asset Pricing Model?
This market structure is characterized by a single seller that has significant control over the market price and supply of a unique product.
What is a monopoly?
In machine learning, this algorithm is widely used for both classification and regression tasks and is known for its simplicity in interpreting distances between points.
What is k-nearest neighbors (KNN)?
This probability concept calculates the likelihood of one event occurring given that another event has already occurred, and is often denoted by P(A|B).
What is conditional probability?
You are in a dark room with a single match and are faced with three things: a candle, an oil lamp, and a fireplace. Which do you light first?
What is the match?
This financial ratio measures a company's ability to cover its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets and is calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities.
What is the current ratio?
This curve shows the relationship between inflation and unemployment, suggesting a short-term trade-off between the two.
What is the Phillips Curve?
In statistical hypothesis testing, this term refers to the likelihood of observing your data, or something more extreme, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
What is a p-value?
This type of matrix has all zeros except for the entries on its main diagonal, often simplifying matrix operations.
What is a diagonal matrix?
I have keys but open no locks, I have space but no room, and I let you enter but won’t let you leave. What am I?
What is a keyboard?
This type of option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset at a specified price within a set period.
What is a put option?
Named after an Italian economist, this principle states that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes, often used to describe wealth distribution.
What is the Pareto Principle (or the 80/20 rule)?
This data structure, commonly used in computer science, follows a Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle and is often used in recursion.
What is a stack?
In calculus, this point on a curve is where the curve changes from being concave up (like a cup) to concave down (like a hill), or vice versa. It’s often found by setting the second derivative equal to zero and checking for a sign change.
What is an inflection point?
If a stock increases by 10% one year and decreases by 10% the next year, what’s the net change in price?
-1% (a 10% increase followed by a 10% decrease does not return the price to its original level).
You bought a stock for $100 and sold it a year later for $120. During that year, the stock paid a dividend of $5. What was your total return on the investment as a percentage?
What is 25%?
A company operates in a perfectly competitive market, meaning it has no control over the price of its product. If the market price falls below the company's average variable cost, the company should do this to minimize losses in the short run.
What is shut down?
This data structure uses a hashing function to convert keys into specific indexes for efficient storage and retrieval, typically achieving O(1) time complexity for insertion and lookup. However, when multiple keys hash to the same index, known as a collision, performance can degrade.
What is a hash map?
Two trains 200 miles apart are traveling towards each other at speeds of 60 mph and 40 mph. How long will it take for them to meet?
What is 2 hours?
A clock shows the time as 3:15. What is the angle between the hour and minute hands?
What is 7.5 degrees?