Structure and Function
The boundaries of the oral cavity
Dorsal - Hard and Soft palate
Ventral - Mylohyoideus Muscle
Lateral - Lips and Cheels
Rostral - Rima Oras
Caudal - Palatoglossal Arch
Functions of the tongue
What are:
deglutition (swallowing)
drinking
taste
prehension (bovine)
manipulation of food
thermoregulation (dogs panting - most often)
Dental anatomy of teeth (crown, root, neck)
What is
Crown - visible part of the tooth above the gumline
Root - part embedded in the socket
Neck - junction between crown and root, at the gumline.
Major (3) and Minor (6) salivary glands
What are
Major - Parotid, mandibular, and sublingual (mono & poly somatic)
Minor - zygomatic (major in canines), buccal, molor, palatine, lingual, labial
Oral structural differences between herbivores and carnivores
What is:
Herbivores - Wider cheeks for a more narrow gape (ideal for grazing), and keratinized epithelium (protection from hard brush).
Carnivores - shorter cheeks for a wider gape (ideal for opening mouth large to bite), and nonkeratinized epithelium.
Order of the venus plexus blood supply to the tongue
What is
Venus plexus --> deep lingual & superficial ventral lingual (--> sublingual) --> lingual --> linguofacial
Allows for minimal movement of the tooth, especially during mastication.
What is periodntium
Location of the parotid duct in herbivores vs carnivores.
Where is
Herbivores - under masseter muscle
Carnivores - crosses laterally on masseter muscle
Motor and sensory innervation of the soft palate.
What is:
Motor - branches of vagus and mandibular branch of trigeminal
Sensory - major and minor palatine (branches of maxillary division of trigeminal)
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their overall function.
What are:
Genioglossus - depresses and protrudes
Styloglossus - retracts the tongue
Hyoglossus - retract the tongue
Geniohyoidus - protrude the tongue.
Largest sheering teeth and their respected tooth.
What are carnassials
Upper premolar #4
Lower molar #1
Parasympathertic and sympathetic affects on salivary glands.
What are
Parasympathetic - increase salivary gland production
Sympathetic - decrease salivary gland production
Dog comes into a clinic with the ability to eat, but left sided facial paralysis. This nerve is mostly likely damaged.
What is the facial nerve?
Different types and function of the lingual papilla (7)
What are:
Mechanical:
Filiform - most numerous, rostral ⅔.
Conical - most caudal.
Marginal - young suckling animals ONLY
Lenticular - only in ruminants
Gustatory: taste
Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate
George comes in for a dental and is needing 108 and 302 removed. These nerve blocks were used.
What are:
108 - Caudal maxillary
302 - Rostral mandibular
** what teeth are 108 and 302. Which side of the oral cavity are they located.
108 - 4th upper premolar on right side
302 - 2nd incisor on bottom left
What are:
increased risk of choking, serious depletion of electrolytes, and imbalance of bicarb to buffer the acidic rumen environment.
Drugs that have high absorptive function in the oral mucosa
What are:
Buprenorphine - cats
Detomidine - horses and calves
Nerve supply of the tongue (general sensory, general motor, and taste buds)
What is
General Sensory
Rostral ⅔ - Facial amd Trigeminal
Caudal ⅓ - Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
General Motor
Hypoglossal
Taste Buds
Fungiform - facial nerve
Vallate and Foliate - Glossopharyngeal
Difference between hypsodont and brachydont teeth.
Hypsodont - large crowns "continuously growing", do not have deep roots, the crown is under the gumline
brachydont - shallow crowns, deep roots.
The two terminating branches of the external carotid
What are superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery.