Worker who shapes heated iron by pounding it with a hammer.
What is a blacksmith?
100
True or False? The front wheels pivoted and were smaller than the ones in back to help the wagons take sharp corners.
What is True?
100
The water here gushes from a ledge, down 10 feet into a pool where there are ferns and deep shade. Pioneers would stop here to refill their water barrels and cool their sore feet.
What is Alcove Springs?
100
What was the number one draft animal of the migrations? About 80% of the wagons in 1850 were hauled by these beasts of burden.
What is oxen?
100
These were a constant source of worry for the pioneers. Hundreds drowned trying to cross the Kansas, North Platte, Columbia and others.
What are river crossings?
200
A boat for carrying people and goods across rivers.
What is a ferry?
200
What did the pioneers do to keep the canvas (cloth) of the wagon waterproof?
What is rubbed the cloth with oil?
200
This fort was the first one built to protect travelers on the Oregon Trail. It was an army headquarters, and the first important station for the pony express.
What is Fort Kearny?
200
These animals which pulled wagons were fast, expensive, often stolen,and could not live off prairie grasses along the way.
What are horses?
200
Because most emigrants overloaded their wagons, few could ride inside. What mode of transportation did they take?
What is walking?
300
Movement from one place to another.
What is migration?
300
Underneath the wagon between the back wheels there was a hook with a bucket of something hanging down from it. This substance was rubbed on the wheels so that they would turn smoothly.
What is grease?
300
This bluff was named by the Pioneers because it looked like the courthouse in the city they came from. Many pioneers had never seen any rock so tall. They may have stopped to climb to the top to enjoy the view.
What is Courthouse Rock?
300
These animals could pull the covered wagons,live off prairie grasses, but couldn't travel as far as oxen.
What is a mule?
300
One of the biggest problems was this element. Sometimes it would rain for days on the prairies.
What is mud?
400
To stop for a noon meal which was almost always cold. Parties stopped for about an hour and rested for the afternoon.
What is nooning?
400
Define wagon train.
What is a group of covered wagons traveling together across the country?
400
This was a camping spot for many pioneers. There were natural springs which contained water that was almost carbonated. They used the water to bake bread.
What is Soda Springs?
400
This is a very big animal with lots of meat on it. The pioneers learned from the Indians how to dry the meat and keep it for a long time. The way to dry it was called "jerking."
What is buffalo ?
400
This would get in your eyes and would be so thick that you could hardly see your hand in front of your face.
What is dust?
500
Belief that the United States had a right to settle the entire West. Most Americans believed the British, the Mexicans and the Indians should be driven out because the U.S. had the real "right" to expand to the West.
What is Manifest Destiny?
500
In a successful six days, the typical wagon train would go ___miles.
a. 60
b. 2
c. 1,000
d. 10
What is (a) 60 miles?
500
This rock was a huge granite formation and was a favorite landmark for the Pioneers. They would stop here to carve their names in the stone, and read the names of those who went before them.
What is Independence Rock?
500
These animals lived in "cities." At least that's what it looked like - lots of "doorway" holes in mounds all over the ground. They are very interesting to watch. These animals would sit outside their doorways on their hind legs and watch you.
What are prairie dogs?
500
Perhaps the biggest problem on the Trail was a mysterious and deadly disease for which there was no cure. Often, an emigrant would go from healthy to dead in just a few hours.