Nervous System
What 3 types of neurons are there in the nervous system?
Sensory neurons, Motor neurons, and Interneurons
What's the difference between a nonspecific immune response and a specific immune response?
A nonspecific immune response is the same, regardless of the pathogen but the specific immune response is tailored to fight that specific pathogen.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
To deliver oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body and remove carbon dioxide + wastes from every cell in the body.
What is respiration?
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the air
What are pituary glands?
They are sometimes called 'master glands' that release hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.
What is a dentrite?
A Dendrite is a part of a neuron that receive impulses from other neurons, body cells, or the enviroment.
What's an inflammatory response?
An inflammatory reponse brings increased blood to the infected area then the white blood cells will destroy foreign material.
What are the four main structures of the heart?
Right atrium, Right ventricle, Left atrium, Left ventricle
Explain the pathway of air in steps
1. Air enters through the nose/mouth
2. Air passes through pharynx
3. Airs enters the trachea
4. Air enters the lungs through bronchi then enter the alveoli
What is the Pancreas and what is its function?
It's a vital organ in the endocrine system that makes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.
What is an Axon and its function?
long tubes in the neuron that electrical impulse is carried through
What is an antibody and antigen? How do they work together?
An antigen is a piece of the pathogen recognizable to the immune system and an antibody is a protective protein produced by your immune system. The antibody binds to the antigen to neutralize it or mark it for destruction by other immune cells.
What are capillaries and how does diffusion play a role in their function?
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where diffusion allows oxygen, nutrients, and waste to pass between the blood and surrounding tissues.
What happens to your diaphragm when you inhale and exhale?
When you inhale, your diaphragm contracts and lungs expand and when you exhale, your diaphragm rises and lungs contract.
What is a feedback loop?
A system in which the output is used as the input, they help maintian homeostasis.
How do neurons carry impulses over long distances?
The axon terminals of the first neuron line up with the dendrites of the next neuron so the neurons can travel long distances.
What is an allergy?
When the immune system reacts to a harmless substance in the same way it would a pathogen.
Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?
The left side (left atrium + left ventricle)
How much of the air is oxygen?
The air is 78% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, and less than 0.004% carbon dioxide.
What is the Hypothalamus?
They release hormones to help you maintain homeostasis.
Name the three parts of the brainstem and explain their function.
What is an autoimmune disease and how does it correlate to an allergy?
An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells. An allergy is when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance.
What is your blood made of?
55% liquids (plasma) and 45% solids (various types of blood cells)
What is the epiglottis?
A flap of tissue that closes over the trachea while you are swallowing food and drinks to prevent choking.
What is an example of a positive feedback loop?
An example of a positive feedback loop is childbirth, where oxytocin increases contractions, which in turn trigger more oxytocin release until delivery.