Cardiovascular
The structure responsible for preventing backflow of blood within the heart
What is valves?
This structure is known as the "voice box" and contains the vocal cords and epiglottis
What is the larynx?
This neuron structure carries electrical messages away from the cell body toward the terminal axons.
What is an axon?
These pancreatic hormones work together to regulate blood glucose.
What is insulin & glucagon?
This is the number of thoracic nerves in the body.
The type of blood vessel has walls only one cell thick to facilitate gas and nutrient exchange
What is capillaries?
The normal adult respiratory rate range
These are areas of skin supplied by afferent (sensory) nerve fibers
What is a dermatome?
This hormone helps with muscle mass development.
What is testosterone?
According to the SCA Response Protocol, this is a common error that significantly reduces survival rates?
what is Delaying AED use to continue chest compressions
This major artery supplies blood to the legs
What is femoral
This pleural injury presents with severe respiratory distress, distended neck veins, hypotension, and tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side?
What is tension pneumothorax
Afferent nerves are also known as ______ nerves because they carry signals ______ the CNS.
What is "sensory," and what is "towards"?
In the HPA axis stress response, this hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex to mobilize fuel.
What is cortisol?
This a complex network of nerves (C5-T1) that provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb.
What is the brachial plexus?
An athlete collapses after being hit in the chest by a baseball. What is the most likely condition and the vital immediate response?
What is Commotio Cordis; immediate use of an AED
During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm and thoracic pressure?
Diaphragm contracts and moves down; thoracic volume increases and pressure drops below atmospheric, drawing air in
A key clinical sign that indicates a spinal cord injury rather than a brachial plexus ("stinger") injury.
What is bilateral symptoms?
What is hypothyroidism?
Draw and label the nerve impulse pathway from sense to response, beginning with a stimulus detected by a sensory receptor and ending with a muscle response. Label the afferent (sensory) neuron, the CNS integration point, and the efferent (motor) neuron, and indicate the direction of signal travel.
Stimulus detected by a sensory receptor → afferent (sensory) neuron carries the signal TOWARD the CNS → integration in the CNS (spinal cord/brain) → efferent (motor) neuron carries the signal AWAY from the CNS → effector (muscle) produces the response. Award credit for correctly labeling the afferent neuron, CNS integration point, and efferent neuron, and for arrows showing the direction of signal travel from receptor to muscle.
This cardiovascular condition is an inflammation of the heart muscle, often following a viral infection, and requires absolute rest
What is myocarditis
This test is considered the BEST way to check lung function
What is spirometry
In Seddon's classification, this nerve injury is a complete severance of the nerve requiring early surgical intervention.
What is neurotmesis?
This endocrine-based condition does not improve with rest, only when the body is adequately fueled
What is RED-S?
Draw and label the circulation pathway of blood through the body, beginning with deoxygenated blood entering the heart from the body and ending with oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the lungs. List each chamber, major vessel, and indicate where gas exchange occurs.
Deoxygenated blood returns from the body via the superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs (gas exchange occurs in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli: out, in) → pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → systemic circulation to the body. Award credit for correct chamber sequence, correct vessel names, and correctly indicating gas exchange at the lungs/alveoli.