Polymers
This term refers to large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers.
What are polymers?
This element is the backbone of organic chemistry due to its unique ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms.
What is carbon?
Isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements are known by this term.
What are structural isomers?
This functional group consists of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom and is found at the end of carbon chains in compounds such as formaldehyde.
What is the aldehyde group (-CHO)?
In organic chemistry, these diagrams are commonly used to represent the bonding and electron distribution within molecules.
What are Lewis structures or electron dot diagrams?
These are the small molecules that serve as the building blocks for polymers.
What are monomers?
This type of hydrocarbon contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
What are alkynes?
This type of isomerism occurs when atoms or groups of atoms are arranged differently around a double bond, resulting in different spatial arrangements.
What is geometric isomerism or cis-trans isomerism?
This functional group consists of a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms and is found in compounds such as acetone and propanone.
What is the ketone group (RCOR')?
Carbon atoms in organic molecules often undergo this process to form sp³, sp², or sp hybrid orbitals, depending on their bonding environment.
What is hybridization?
This synthetic polymer, commonly used in packaging and bottles, is known for its recyclability and versatility.
What is polyethylene terephthalate (PET)?
Carbon atoms in organic compounds can form this type of bond, where electrons are shared equally between atoms.
What is a covalent bond?
Optical isomers, also known as enantiomers, are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and are often described as being this term.
What are chiral?
This functional group consists of a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom and is found in compounds such as acetaminophen and nylon.
What is the amide group (-CONH2)?
This type of reaction involves the addition of atoms or groups of atoms to a carbon-carbon double or triple bond.
What is an addition reaction?
This natural polymer, found in plant cell walls, is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
What is cellulose?
This class of carbon compounds contains only single bonds between carbon atoms and is often used as fuels.
What are alkanes?
Isomers with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms are known by this term.
What are constitutional isomers?
This functional group consists of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and is commonly found in compounds such as cysteine and penicillamine.
What is the thiol group (-SH)?
This term describes the step-by-step pathway by which reactants are transformed into products in a chemical reaction.
What is a reaction mechanism?
This polymer, known for its strength and durability, is widely used in construction materials, pipes, and automotive parts.
What is polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
This natural process involves the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, land, oceans, and living organisms.
What is the carbon cycle?
This analytical technique is often used to distinguish between different isomers by measuring their mass-to-charge ratios.
What is mass spectrometry?
This functional group consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom and is commonly found in compounds such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile.
What is the nitrile group (-CN)?
In organic chemistry, these two types of species are involved in the breaking and making of chemical bonds during reactions.
What are electrophiles and nucleophiles?