Terms
What is an organic compound?
a covalently bonded compound containing carbon
What is a substituted hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with another atom or group of atoms.
What smaller molecule combines together to make polymers?
monomers
Hydrocarbons are made of which two elements?
Carbon and Hydrogen
Why do carbon atoms allow for great variety of organic compounds?
Accept any one of the following:
1. Carbon is able to form single, double, and triple bonds
2. Carbon is able to form strong bonds with other carbon atoms
3. Carbon possesses four valence electrons
What is an isomer?
any group of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures.
Which group of substituted hydrocarbons has a hydroxyl group?
alcohols
Give 5 examples of carbohydrates.
Accept any variation of the following:
fruits, vegetables, grains (bread, pasta, rice, etc.) , glucose, sucrose, fructose, potatoes
Which hydrocarbon is classified as a "saturated hydrocarbon" and only has single bonds?
Alkanes
Straight chains of carbon sometimes have bends or angles in them.
True
Which hydrocarbon contains at least one benzene ring?
aromatic hydrocarbons
How would I represent a carbonyl group?
(in a structure drawing)
C=O
What is the nucleic acid responsible for directing the reproduction and growth of all cells?
DNA
What are the two "unsaturated hydrocarbons" called?
Alkenes and Alkynes
What is a branched chain?
Complex molecule that has more than one "path to follow"
What are synthetic polymers? Define and give example.
Synthetic polymers are man made polymers.
(Polymers are large molecules formed by linking smaller molecules)
Examples:
Nylon, Neoprene, polyethylene,
Which substituted hydrocarbon might have a fluorine atom in place of a hydrogen atom? (Think halogen functional groups)
Alkyl Halide
What polymer is formed by linking amino acids?
proteins
Why would a molecule with the name methyne be an impossible hydrocarbon?
Alkynes require at least one triple bond between carbon atoms, and the prefix meth- tells us that there is only one carbon atoms present.
What is a ring?
Continuous chain connected at both ends, can also have branches or attached to a chain.
What is a lipid?
Organic compound that provide long-term energy storage in living organisms; includes fats, oils, waxes and cholesterol.
What two hydrocarbons contain a carbonyl group (C=O) and how are they different?
aldehyde - they have a carbonyl group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain
ketone - have a carbonyl group not at the end of the chain
What are three differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?
1. Saturated fats have only single bonds; Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.
2. Saturated fats generally come from animals(butter); unsaturated fats generally come from plants (olive oil)
3. Saturated fats are referred to as fats; Unsaturated fats are called oils
What can you tell me about Propyne?
1. number of carbons
2. number of hydrogens
3. type of bonds
1. Three carbon
2. Four hydrogen
3. One triple bond
What affects the properties of an organic compound?
The atoms that make up an organic molecule and the molecular arrangement of the atoms dictate the properties of the molecule.