Organic Chemistry Chapter One

Periodic Trends

100

What are the periodic trends for bond length?

Bond length increases from left to right and top to bottom

200

What are the periodic trends for electronegativity?

Electronegativity increases from left to right and from bottom to top

300

Bond length increases from left to right on the periodic table. Does the bond length of resonance structure change with each resonance structure?

No

400

Write the electron configuration chart and determine the electron configuration for Nitrogen

1s

2s 2p

3s 3p 3d

4s 4p 4d 4f

1s²2s²2p³

500

Which elements can exceed an octet?

Elements in the third row and below

Molecular Geometry

100

What is the molecular shape of an atom with 3 groups around it? What is the bond angle

Trigonal Planar (120^o)

200

What is the molecular shape of an atom with 3 groups around it along with a lone pair?What is the bond angle?

Trigonal Pyramidal (107^o)

300

What is the molecular shape of an atom with 4 groups around it?What is the bond angle? 

Tetrahedral(109.5^o) which is symmetrical

400

What describes the spatial relationship of bonds on adjacent atoms?

Dihedral angle or torsional angle

500

What is the molecular shape of an atom with 2 groups around it with two lone pairs?What is the bond angle?

Bent(105^o)

Resonance

100

What are moved in resonance structures?

ONLY ELECTRONS

200

Why are resonance structure more stable?

Spreading charges over two or more atoms stabilizes the ion

300

What is formal charge?

Valence electrons- #non-bonding electrons- # bonds

400

What are the partial charges for each atom in HCl?

Hydrogen is partially positive while Cl is partially negative. Cl is the more electronegative atom so it has a stronger attraction to electrons

500

What is atom connectivity?

how atoms in a molecule are connected

Bonds

100

Which bonds share electrons?Which bonds transfer electrons

Covalent bonding: electrons are shared

Ionic Bonding: Electrons are transferred

200

Define nonpolar/pure covalent

Electrons are evenly shared

300

Define polar bonds

Electrons are not shared evenly

400

What does dipole moment measure

Measures uneven electron distribution in a compound containing covalent bonds

500

Which of the following has the shortest bond length? Single bonds, Double bonds or Triple Bonds

What is bond order?

Triple Bonds, bond length decreases with increases bond order

Number  of covalent bonds between atoms

Misc

100

What is a node?

region where there is no probability of finding an electron

200

What happens when atomic orbitals combine?

They generate molecular orbitals which allow for lower energy state for electrons

300

What happens in constructive interaction?

Atomic orbitals are added to each other

400

What happens in deconstructive interaction?

Atomics orbitals are substracted

500

What is the difference between x-ray crystallography and electron diffraction?

BONUS: What is microwave spectroscopy?

x-ray crystallography is the atomic arrangement of SOLIDS while electron diffraction is the atomic arrangement of GAS

BONUS: When molecules absorb microwave radiation to reveal structure