Creating Organic Compounds
The process where monomers are joined together is called what?
Polymerization
What are the building block of proteins called?
Amino acids
What is created in the primary structure of a protein?
Polypeptide (created by unique sequence of DNA)
Proper orientation of polypeptide chains is determined by what?
Whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
What two groups make up amino acids?
Amino and Carboxyl
What type of reaction is able to join monomers together?
condensation reactions / dehydration synthesis
What are the bonds that connect amino acids called?
Peptide bonds
What two structures are created in the secondary structure of proteins and held together by hydrogen bonds?
alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
What are three different ways a protein can be denatured?
heat, pH, salt concentration, solutions, chemicals
How many oxygens are bonded to a phosphate in the phosphate functional group?
Four
What does the process of hydrolysis do to polymers?
Break them into monomers.
What type of chain is formed when amino acids are joined together?
Polypeptide chain
What is the tertiary structure determined by?
Interactions between side chains (R groups)
Yes but it is very rare and can only occur in certain proteins.
Does the hydroxyl group often donate or receive protons?
It donates protons because it is a weak acid.
During dehydration synthesis what molecule is removed in order to form bonds?
Polypeptide chains are referred to as _______ polymers and proteins are referred to as _______ polymers.
simple ; complex
When polypeptide chains join together we call this the _________ structure of proteins.
Quaternary
What are amphipathic proteins?
Proteins that can integrate into the lipid bilayer. (transmembrane/integral proteins) Proteins that are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
If a molecule has an aldehyde, where would you expect to find the carbonyl group?
At the end of a carbon chain.
Which process requires energy: Hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis?
What has to happen to a polypeptide chain in order for it to become a protein?
It has to fold, twist, and coil.
What will happen if a protein doesn't fold the correct way during one of the structural stages?
The protein will not function correctly.
What are the proteins called that can act as infectious, disease causing agents?
Prions
In the sulfhydryl group, what type of bond connects the sulfur atom to the hydrogen atom?
nonpolar covalent bond