Organic Compounds
What are compounds that contain carbon?
organic compounds
What is a monosaccharide?
single sugar molecule, like glucose?
What are lipids?
organic compounds like fats, oils, and waxes
What is DNA?
genetic material that determines our characteristics
(or deoxyribonucleic acid)
What are proteins?
organic compounds made of amino acids
What does carbon bond with
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and other carbon atoms
What is a disaccharide?
two sugar molecules linked together, like sucrose
What do lipids do in the body?
hey store energy, form cell structures, and provide insulation
What is RNA?
The molecule responsible for protein production
(or ribonucleic acid)
What are amino acids?
the building blocks of proteins
What do all living things need to survive?
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
Name a polysaccharide.
starch or cellulose
Name an essential lipid type.
linoleic acid or vitamins A, D, E, and K
What is the function of mRNA?
carry genetic information from DNA
What do proteins do in the body?
they facilitate reactions and transport compounds
What are examples of carbon-containing compounds that are not organic?
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
What is the 1-2-1 ratio of carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
What percentage of daily calories should come from fats?
20 to 35 percent
Describe the structure of DNA
double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides
Name a function of proteins.
provides structure or aids in movement
Why is carbon unique among elements?
Because it can bond in virtually limitless ways.
What is the most familiar carbohydrate?
glucose
What are three examples of lipids
fats, oils, and waxes
How do nucleotides differ in DNA and RNA?
DNA has two strands and RNA has one strand
How many amino acids are commonly found in proteins?
20 amino acids