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Scientific Management
Classical Management Theory Definitions
Classical Management Theory Concepts
Origins of Mechanistic Organization
Origins of Mechanistic Organization
100
Who pioneered scientific management?
Frederick Taylor
100
What is the principle behind "initiative?"
To be encouraged at all levels of the organization
100
Where was decentralization adopted from (what real life scenario) to implement into the classical management theory?
The military and engineering
100
What is the name of the Chinese sage introduced at the beginning of the chapter?
Chuang Tzu
100
Freebie!
Free 100 points
200
What is one principle of scientific management?
Any one: 1. Shift all responsibility for the organization of work from the worker to the manager 2. Use scientific methods to determine the most efficient way of doing work 3. Select the best person to perform the job thus assigned 4. Train the worker to do the work efficiently 5. Monitor worker performance to ensure that appropriate work procedures are followed and that appropriate results are achieve
200
Name one of the classical theorists
Henri Fayol, F.W. Mooney, Col. Lyndall Urwick
200
From where is command given (in the organizational chart)?
The top
200
What is the name of the book by a Scottish economist that espouses division of labor?
The Wealth of Nations
200
Throughout the chapter, the author pointed to one company as a success story for mechanization. What is the name of that company?
McDonalds
300
What are two values promoted by scientific management?
Any two: efficiency, specialization, productivity, standardization, mechanization, observation and measurement, management control, adherence to procedure
300
How many routes are there on the Organizational Chart of Classical Management?
One.
300
What are the benefits of particular patterns of authority?
Helping the network run smoothly and precisely
300
What is the name of the King in Western history attributed with having mechanized the military in the 1700's?
Frederick the Great of Prussia
300
What is a disadvantage of defining work responsibilities in a clear-cut manner?
By letting everyone know what is expected of them, it also lets them know what is NOT expected of them, which creates many problems when the organization faces changing circumstances that call for initiative and flexibility in response.
400
In addition to increasing worker productivity, what other functions has the application of scientific management served in the former USSR?
As an ideological tool to exert general control over the workers
400
Define Espirit de corps
Facilitating harmony as a basis of strength
400
Why was decentralization first used in the military?
To help cope with difficult combat strategies
400
In what way did Adam Smith's "division of labor" ultimately end up reducing worker creativity while simultaneously boosting efficiency?
New procedures and techniques were introduced to discipline workers, and manufacturers sought to increase efficiency by reducing the discretion of workers in favor of control by their machines and their supervisors.
400
Name at least 3 limitations to the mechanistic approach to organization
1) low adaptability to changing circumstances 2) result in mindless and unquestioning bureaucracy 3) unintended and undesirable consequences as interests of those working in organization take precedence over organization's original goals 4) dehumanizing effects upon employees on lower rungs of corporate ladder
500
What is McDonaldization?
Using unskilled workers who operate according to highly regimented scripts to achieve standardization and increase productivity.
500
What is the principle of "centralization of authority?"
Centralization of authority should always be present in some degree, and must vary to optimize the use of faculties of personnel
500
What aspect of a business organization did classical realists seem to overlook?
The human component
500
As a sociologist, Max Weber was interested in the social consequences of the proliferation of bureaucracy. However, his writings were opposed by two groups of management theorists and practitioners in North America and Europe. Which two groups were they?
Those who supported: 1) Classical Management Theory 2) Scientific Management
500
How does the mechanistic approach foster apathy, carelessness, and lack of pride?
Fundamentally, the mechanistic organization discourages initiative, encourages people to obey orders rather than to take an interest in, and question, what they are doing. People who DO question conventional practice are viewed as "troublemakers."