Ancient Codes
This King of Babylon had 282 laws carved into a 7-foot stone pillar.
Hammurabi
This 1215 English document established that even the King must follow the law.
Magna Carta
Unlike murder, most Cherokee crimes were handled through this "forgiveness" process.
Absolution
Even though a crime hurts an individual, it is legally considered an offense against this.
The State (or Society)
This is the legal term for a "civil wrong" or a personal injury claim.
Tort
This Latin phrase means the "Law of Retaliation" or "An eye for an eye."
Lex Talionis
This type of law is based on "precedent" or decisions made by past judges.
Common Law (or Case Law)
This was considered a "sacred duty" for a Cherokee family if a member was killed.
Blood Revenge
This is the primary goal of criminal law.
Punishment (or social control)
Instead of being "guilty," a defendant in civil court is found to be this.
Liable (or responsible)
This Sumerian King wrote the first code to protect the poor from being abused by the rich and the priests.
King Urukagina
The Magna Carta is famous for establishing this legal protection, ensuring fair treatment through the judicial system.
Due Process
Cherokee law was the earliest form of this philosophy, which focuses on healing and restoring the community.
Restorative Justice
These are local laws created by a town or city, such as noise limits or parking rules.
Municipal Ordinances
This is the main goal of awarding money to a victim in a civil case.
"making the victim whole" (compensation)
Before written laws, these "unwritten traditions" were the primary way stateless societies kept order.
Customs
This theory suggests people give up their right to personal revenge in exchange for government protection.
Social Contract
True or False: Cherokee tribal authorities had the power to invent new laws whenever they wanted.
False (Laws were grounded in the spirit world)
In New Jersey, you would look at this specific "Title" to find the state's criminal codes.
Title 2C
If an offender pays a fine in criminal court, the money goes to the state; in civil court, the money goes here.
The victim
This principle from Hammurabi’s Code ensures that the punishment is not random and actually fits the crime.
Proportionality
In early England, these people traveled the countryside to settle disputes based on local customs.
Traveling judges (Ther Eyre)
This specific crime was "unpardonable" and excluded someone from the annual religious ceremony.
Murder
This is the "standard of proof" required to convict someone in a criminal court
"Beyond a Reasonable Doubt"
This common physical act can be prosecuted as both a crime in criminal court and a tort in civil court.
Assault