The Enlightenment
Where did the Enlightenment originate?
France
Who are the 4 Enlightenment philosophers that we have focused on in this class?
Locke, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Rousseau
What are the 3 British documents that we studied in class?
Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights
Which Enlightenment concept is defined as the state of humans before government was established?
State of nature
What was the Enlightenment?
A period of time in which individuals focused on reason and began to stop blindly following those in authority
Which philosopher believed people to be naturally bad-natured and that they needed rules to keep order?
Hobbes
Freedom of speech, right to bear arms, right to a fair trial, and freedom to petition the government came from which British document?
English Bill of Rights
Which Enlightenment concept is defined as giving up some power to the government in exchange for protection?
Social contract
Why were Enlightenment philosophers considered "radical" for their time?
Their ideas challenged the absolute authority of the king and the church, and went against social structures
Which philosopher believed in the social contract, with the government's power in this contract coming from the consent of the governed?
Locke
Which British document first established that everyone must follow the law, even leaders?
Magna Carta
Which Enlightenment concept is defined as splitting up the powers of the government into 3 branches?
Separation of powers
What are the main ideas that the Enlightenment focused on?
Reason, equality, human rights
Which philosopher promoted the ideas of limited government and separation of powers?
Montesquieu
These 3 documents were created to reduce the power of the king and increase the power of the: _______
People
Which Enlightenment concept is defined as government based on the consent of the people?
Popular sovereignty
How did Enlightenment ideas go against societal norms at the time?
Advocated for equality, involvement of all in decision making, challenged the power of the church & king
Which philosopher believed people must work together for the common good?
Rousseau
What was a common theme between these 3 British documents?
Limiting power of the king, free and fair trials, more rights for the people
Which Enlightenment concept is defined as laws must be followed by all?
Rule of law