Pathology
what is a synovial cyst filled with gelatinous mucoid material
A ganglion
What is the first line investigation to investigate Perthe's disease ?
Hip Xray
What is the classification used for paediatric growth plate injuries?
Salter-Harris Classification
What is the management of Perthes disease in a 5 year old
<6yo: watch and wait
What is used to diagnose an achilles tendon rupture?
Ultrasound scan
What is the most common cause of discitis?
Staph aureus most common
What are the ALP, Ca and PO4 results in Paget's disease of the bone.
Raised ALP, normal Ca, normal PO4
What classification system is used for intra-capsular hip fractures
Garden Classification
What drug is the first line management of osteoporosis in high risk individuals?
Alendronate / risendronate
What is the difference between a T and a Z score on a DEXA scan
T score -based on bone mass of young reference population
Z-score: adjusted for age, gender and ethnic factors
What is the name of a distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of fragments
Colles' fracture
What would an x-ray show in Ewing's sarcoma
XR may show onion skin periosteal reaction
What classification is used for grading the stage or arthritis?
Kellgren and Lawrence Classification
What is the management of a sub-trochanteric extra-capsular hip fracture.
Intramedullary device (IM nail)
What Salter-harris grade is this?
Fracture through physis + metaphysis
Salter Harris 2
What nerve is affected in meralgia paraesthesica?
Entrapment neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
What is the investigation of choice for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?
ANA, rheumatoid factor -ve
What classification is used for open fractures?
Gustilo-Anderson classification
What is the first line management of rib fractures in the ED
Good analgesia (to prevent breathing problems and pneumonia)
What are the clinical parameters need to make a diagnosis of scoliosis?
Evidence of ≥10˚ lateral curvature with vertebral rotation on a standing upright radiograph of the spine
What genetic mutation is most often seen in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes cause approximately 90 percent of all cases
Name at least three of the four Ottowa ankle rules that would indicate the need for an ankle x-ray
• pain in the malleolar zone
• bony tenderness at the lateral malleolar zone
• bony tenderness at the medial malleolar zone
• inability to walk four weight bearing steps immediately after the injury and in A&E
What classification assess spinal cord injury?
ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS)
What is the first line management of a talipes equinovarus (club foot)
Ponseti method: manipulation and progressive casting soon after birth.
What is the Kocher criteria for the diagnosis of septic arthritis
fever >38.5°C, non-wt bearing, ESR >40, WCC >12