Cell Structures
What do we call the functional parts inside of cells?
Organelles.
What is it called when stem cells develop specialized structures to carry out specific functions?
Differentiation.
Why do organisms have pairs of chromosomes?
Half come the mother and half from the father.
Which cells do not have DNA in them and why?
Red blood cells, to make more room for oxygen.
Which cells are considered to be pluripotent and why?
Stem cells because they have the potential to become more than one thing.
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that stores DNA, prokaryotic cells do not.
Name the phases of mitosis in order.
(Interphase), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
23
What do we call DNA just floating around in strands inside the nucleus?
Chromatin
What is the role of the lysosome?
-The "garbage collectors" of cells.
-Break down damaged or worn-out cell parts.
What is the full name of ER?
Endoplasmic reticulum.
How do cells become specialized?
They express specific genes that make them develop structures they need to become specialized.
What are genes?
Portions of the DNA that have specific instructions to make proteins that carry out specific functions in the body.
What percentage of our DNA is the same for all humans?
99.9%
What do structures do all cells have in common?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.
Why do antibiotics hurt bacteria, but not viruses?
Antibiotics damage bacteria cell walls. Viruses do not have cell walls.
What is cytokinesis?
What cells structure reads genes to make proteins?
Ribosomes.
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate
Which structure of cells is responsible for folding and modifying proteins?
Golgi apparatus/Golgi body
What is the name of the tail-like structure used for movement in some cells?
What is the name of programmed cell death?
Apoptosis.
What do you call different versions of the same gene?
Alleles.
What does the 5' end of DNA indicate?
The directionality of the DNA, showing which side has the free phosphate group.
This cell structure helps maintain cell shape. It is made of microfilaments (thread-like proteins and microtubules (thin hollow tubes).
Cytoskeleton.