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ORTON-GILLINGHAM Principles of Instruction
Potpourri
LESSON &
ERROR CORRECTION PROCEDURES
Syllable Types &
Syllable Division
LANGUAGE GENERALIZATIONS & Suffixes & Plurals
Phoneme-Grapheme
Sounds and Symbols
100

What are the three pathways of a multi sensory lesson? Give examples of each.

Auditory: Hearing the phoneme and then writing it. Visual: Seeing the grapheme while hearing (saying) the phoneme. Kinesthetic/Tactile: Tracing the grapheme or writing it while saying the phoneme iN THE OG LESSON --- THE AVK WORK TOGETHER SIMULTANEOUSLY

100
Name in order the parts of an OG lesson plan.
PA / Handwriting Review Rote Memory Word Visual, Auditory, Blending Drills Introduction of New Phoneme - Grapheme or Concept Passage Reading General Spelling Wrap up
100

Name the 6 syllable types.

(or CLOVER) Open Closed Vc-e R-Controlled Vowel Team Consonant Le (-cle)

100

Explain the JUST ADD rule for adding a Suffix. Give an example of a word where the suffix is just added.

For words that contain a vowel team or end in more than one consonant, just add the suffix: catch catching show showed

100
Explain what is meant by a voiced and unvoiced consonant phoneme. Name 4 unvoiced and voiced consonant pairs.
Voicing refers to the vibration of the vocal cords (folds). This can be felt by placing the hand on the throat or covering the ears and hearing the resonance in the head. /t/ & /d/ /f/ & /v/ /p/ & /b/ /s/ & /z/ /k/ & /g/ /ch/ & /j/ /sh/ & /zh/ /th/ & /th/
200

What are the three main origins of the English language? Provide two examples (words) for each.

Anglo-Saxon: compound words and simple, everyday words (yard, football, kinght house wife; silent e words, silent letter digraphs) Latin: root words, rupt (interrupt) spect (respectful) cred (incredible) vis (vision) struc (structure) Greek: telescope hemisphere chemistry photo geometry (ch /k/ ph /f/ y found within the word cycle dyslexia)

200
What are the Error Correction Procedures in the Visual Drill?
1. Allow time. 2. Add Kinesthetic: Student Traces or Writes grapheme 3xs. 3. Show Key Word. 4. Say Key Word. 5. Have student write the grapheme and say the sound three times. 6. Put the card back in the deck.
200
Sort the following syllables into the correct syllable type category of the English language. -zle stir rep po mite meat
open: po closed: rep Vc-e: mite R-Controlled: stir Vowel Team: meat -cle: zle
200
When do we double a final consonant before adding a suffix? Give an example. How does the 1 -2 -3 rule work? What consonant is never doubled?
You need two consonants after a short vowel. hop hopping Start with the vowel and count 1, 2, 3. Three must end on a consonant. x is never doubled /ks/.
200
Name four short vowel markers.
-FLOSS (-ff, -ll, -ss) -dge -tch -ck -ng: ang, ing ong, iung -nk: ank, ink, onk, unk
300
What are the characteristics of the Orton-Gillingham method?
Multisensory: engages all the learning pathways to the brain which are used simultaneously Systematic/Sequential/Cumulative Explicit/Direct Synthetic and Analytic: Sounds of letters in a word are blended, to form a whole word (synthesis) while in spelling whole words are separated or pulled apart (analytic) Diagnostic: Ongoing diagnosis of the student's needs Comprehensive and Inclusive: All levels of language are addressed (phonemes - morphemes - semantics --- syntax ---longer passages --- pragmatics)
300
What are the Error Correction steps during the Auditory Drill?
1. Allow Adequate time. 2. Add kinesthetic/motor --- Have student repeat sound loudly. 3. Ask student for key word. 4. Give key Word (orally only). 5. Have student write spelling and say sound 3xs. 6. Note error on lesson plan and/or put card back in the deck. Include sound in general spelling.
300

Explain the schwa vowel sound. Identify the schwa vowel sound in each of the following words: infant happen dynamite magnet

The schwa is an unclear mini-vowel sound in an unaccented syllable. It is an unclear sound that often sounds like a short u or a reduced short i sound. infant: fant happen: pen dynamite: na magnet: net

300
When do we change y to i before adding a suffix? What are the two exceptions?
Change y to i and then add the suffix: try and tried Exceptions: Do not change the y when it is part of a vowel team: play playing Do not change y if the suffix begins with the letter i: try and trying
300
Name the best bet spellings for the long vowel sounds: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/
a, a-e ai ay i, i-e igh, -y o, o-e oa ow e, ee, ea, -y u u-e
400
What are indications or signs that one may have dyslexia?
-Language based learning disability -Cluster of symptoms primarily impacting reading and other language skills including spelling, writing, and pronouncing words; -problems with identifying separate speech sounds and learning how letters represent those sounds -Learning to speak--- Difficulty pronouncing words - Vocabulary - Processing language - following directions -Word retrieval -Learning letters and their sounds -- difficulty learning the sounds of letters (phonics) -Organizing written and spoken language -Memorizing number facts ---Dyscalculia -Dysgraphia -Dyspraxia -Reading quickly enough to comprehend -Spelling -Learning a foreign language -Forming memory for words -Writing --- Difficulty putting words on paper
400
What are the error correction steps during the blending drill?
1. First sound.... 2. Trace for an incorrect phoneme sound. Touch the card and have the student trace for recognition. 3. OR for incorrect sequence of phonemes (sounds added, omitted, or out of order): First sound, second sound, put together, add third.
400
Name the 5 Syllable Division Patterns
VCCV V.CV VC.V V.V -cle
400

Explain when c and g each have their soft sound.

When c and g are followed by the letters e, i, or y, the sound changes to the soft sound. cent /s/ ginger /j/

400
Which one of the following words contains both a blend and a digraph?
a. shroud b. wish c. screech d. straight
500
What is the difference between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness?
Phonological awareness is an umbrella term that comprises all the skills involved in tuning into the sounds of our language starting with the awareness of word boundaries in sentences and continuing with the awareness of progressively smaller sound chunks within words. Phonemic Awareness is a sub skill of the broad category of phonological awareness. PA is the level that directly impacts reading and spelling. It involves recognizing the individual phoneme or sound to manipulating it --- isolating, blending, segmenting, adding and deleting.
500
Explain the steps in teaching a New Grapheme/Phoneme Correspondence.
1. Show card, pronounce the sound. 2. Student repeats sound. 3. Student traces/writes the grapheme 3xs while saying the sound aloud. 4. Discuss mouth formation and characteristics/attributes of the phoneme (i.e. voicing, etc...) 5. Give KEY WORD. 6. READ words. 7. Discuss place value. 8. Dictate words for student to spell. 9. Summarize: Show card, ask for sound. Student writes and says sound 3xs. Discuss auditory drill and multiple spellings. Student writes multiple spellings.
500
Given the following four syllable division patterns, mark the pattern in each of these words and divide the words according to the pattern: VC.CV; V.CV; VC.V; V.V One word uses more than one pattern. quaver aspen lavish radio
quaver: V.CV qua/ver aspen: VC.CV as/pen lavish: VC.V lav/ish radio: V.CV & V.V ra/di/o
500
What are 6 uses for Silent-e?
1. Magic e 2. -ce (signals soft c) 3. -ge (signals soft g) 4. -ve No English word ends in v. 5. -se When final /s/ is part of the base word, a silent e is added to indicate that it is not suffix -s. 6. -cle Consonant le syllables 7. -the: signals voiced th 8. No Job e: Rote memory words such as gone, are, done
500
What are the two sounds for vowel team oo? What are the two sounds for vowel team ea? What are the two sounds for vowel team ow?
boo book eat bread snow plow