Key Terms
The movement of water molecules through the cell membrane
osmosis
What are the four kinds of Macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Fats, Nucleic Acids.
What is the universal solvent?
water
"Hypo-" means
"less than"
Osmosis is a type of ______________ transport.
passive
Only allowing some things to enter into the cell through the cell membrane
semipermeable or selectively permeable
Macromolecules are made of many simple ____________ that are attached to make ___________.
Monomers, Polymers.
The part of a solution that is dissolved
solute
When the concentration of water is equal inside and outside the cell, the solution is __________________.
isotonic
Osmosis moves water molecules __________ the concentration gradient.
down; with
The type of transport protein that only moves water into the cell
aquaporin
Lipids can be found in what kinds of food?
Fats, oils, butter, etc.
If there is a solution with a high solute concentration, the water concentration will be (low/high).
low
Which type of solution has a low solute concentration?
hypotonic solution
If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the cell will ___________.
shrink
The difference in concentration between one area and another
concentration gradient
What is the building block of proteins?
Amino Acids.
A student pours 30 grams of salt into 50 mL of water. What is the solute?
30 grams of salt
When cells are in a hypotonic solution the cells will burst or ___________.
lyse
Why don't plant cells burst in hypotonic solutions?
They have a cell wall.
How do cells move large amounts of material into or out of the cell?
Endocytosis and Exocytosis.
What are the main 3 elements from the periodic table in all macromolecules?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.
Why does water dissolve things like salt and sugar? (Why is water the universal solvent?)
Because water, salt, and sugar are all made of polar molecules.
When we put potato cells in 15% salt solution, they were in a ______________ solution.
Hypertonic solution.
Animal cells thrive best in _____________ solutions, while plant cells survive best in _______________ solutions.
isotonic; hypotonic