Diffusion and Osmosis Basics
The process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
These animals live in water with lower solute concentrations than their body fluids.
What are freshwater animals?
Plants that thrive in salty environments.
What are halophytes?
Protists like Paramecium use this organelle to pump out excess water.
What is a contractile vacuole?
Salmon are considered this type of fish because they tolerate both freshwater and saltwater.
What are euryhaline?
In a hyperosmotic solution, the direction water moves relative to a cell.
What is out of the cell?
Marine fish use these organs to excrete excess salts.
What are gills?
These structures in some plants excrete excess salt.
What are salt glands?
These small molecules accumulate inside cells to balance osmotic pressure without disrupting enzymes.
What are compatible solutes (osmolytes)?
These organisms can only tolerate narrow salinity ranges.
What are stenohaline organisms?
This pressure builds up inside plant cells when water enters by osmosis.
What is turgor pressure?
Freshwater fish maintain balance by producing urine that is __________.
What is a dilute?
A plant vacuole helps with osmoregulation by doing this with excess salt.
What is compartmentalizing it?
This sugar alcohol is often used by bacteria and fungi as an osmoprotectant.
What is glycerol?
Mangrove trees prevent salt uptake by filtering it at these structures.
What are the roots?
A solution that has the same solute concentration as the inside of a cell.
What is isotonic?
This term describes the process of marine fish drinking seawater to replace lost water.
What is active water replacement?
Freshwater plants prevent bursting cells by relying on this external structure.
What is the cell wall?
Ion pumps in cell membranes often rely on this molecule for energy.
What is ATP?
Migratory fish adjust their gill ion transporters when moving between these two habitats.
What are freshwater and marine?
The shrinking of animal cells due to water loss in a hyperosmotic solution.
What is crenation?
Sharks and rays maintain osmotic balance by retaining this compound in their blood.
What is urea?
The process in which plants close stomata to prevent water loss in stressful environments.
What is transpiration control (or stomatal closure)?
Halophilic archaea maintain osmotic balance by keeping high concentrations of this ion.
What is potassium (K⁺)?
Crabs and some fish adapt to fluctuating salinity in estuaries by using this strategy.
What is osmoregulation (or physiological adjustment)?