Bones
What are the two bone cells mentioned in the presentation ?
osteoclast and osteoblast
What causes secondary osteoporosis ?
Pre-existing diseases, medical conditions. Certain use of medications or drugs(smoking, alcohol)
What is osteoporosis ?
Low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which can lead to increase risk of fracture
What vitamin helps your bones absorb calcium?
Vitamin D
Does PTH increase or decrease calcium in the blood?
Increases
what do osteoclasts and osteoblast do ?
osteoclasts = break bone down
osteoblasts = build bone
what is FRAX
Assessed future 10 years of an individual and their risk of experiencing fractures
what are two ways to measure bone mass density ?
DEXA and FRAX
What vitamins are most important to include in patients diet?
Vitamin D and calcium
At what age does bone mass density start to drop?
age 40-50
when bone starts to break down this known as resorption or deposition? For osteoporosis patients this increases their risk of what?
its known as resorption, osteoclast break down bone tissue releasing minerals (calcium). This increases the risk of fractures in osteoporosis patients.
what is the athletic triad?
syndrome in athletically active women where disordered eating, low nutrition, amenorrhoea (no menstrual cycle) and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis) are all present.
What scores on the DEXA is considered to be a low bone mass density and osteoporosis ?
equal to or greater then 2.5 standard deviations below the mean or 20% bone loss
non-pharmacological therapies to help prevent osteoporosis?
- exercise, proper diet (getting enough calcium and vitamin D), reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption, reduce sodium intake.
what does hypercalcemia mean? what hormonal response does this activate?
calcium levels in the blood are too high.
activates calcitonin to inhibit bone resorption
How long does it take the body to remodel a whole new skeleton ? Why cant osteoporosis patients do this?
10 years
This disease decrease people ability to maintain bone density. They may also be on medication the prevents the skeleton from remodelling itself.
How does alcohol abuse contribute to secondary osteoporosis?
alcohol interferes with the absorption of calcium from the intestines.
It also interferes with the functions of the liver, which it important for activating vitamin D so calcium can be absorbed
What are the most common places where fractures occur in osteoporosis patients ?
wrist, hip (neck of femur), vertebral spine, humerus (shoulder)
Most people may not know there at risk of osteoporosis because ? what should you look for?
its a silent disease, symptoms often go unnoticed.
postural abnormalities: decreased height, curves in the spines (kyphosis), decreased gait, body weight, age, gender
when there are multiple micro fractures in the vertebra, what can happen to the patients posture?
Kyphosis, curving of the cervical spine, hunch back
which drug mentioned in the presentation has a black box warning where long term use can cause osteosarcoma?
Teriparatide [Forteo]
what were the three drugs mentioned in the presentation? What do they do ?
Teriparatide [Forteo], Denosumab [Prolia], Alendronate [Fosamax]
They suppress the activity of osteoclast, decrease done resorption