OA Pathophysiology & Risks
Which factor is most commonly associated with the primary or idiopathic form of osteoarthritis?
A. Increasing age
B. Autoimmune disease
C. Previous joint injury
D. Infection
Correct Answer: A. Increasing age
Which clinical manifestation is typically associated with advanced osteoarthritis or an acute flare-up? A. Joint pain that may be worse at night
B. Symmetrical joint involvement
C. Fever and chills
D. Unilateral rash near the affected joint
Correct Answer: A. Joint pain that may be worse at night
Which condition is commonly associated with secondary osteoporosis? A. Nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases
B. Sedentary lifestyle without underlying disease
C. Genetic predisposition only
D. High-impact physical activities
Correct Answer: A. Nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases
Which condition is considered a precursor to osteoporosis? A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Osteopenia
D. Fibromyalgia
Correct Answer: C. Osteopenia
A nurse is assessing a patient for osteoporosis. Which early sign should the nurse look for?
A. Loss of height
B. Joint swelling
C. Frequent headaches
D. Muscle spasms
Correct Answer: A. Loss of height
A nurse is educating a patient about osteoarthritis (OA). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disorder of the joints."
B. "OA is primarily due to autoimmune processes."
C. "Osteoarthritis is a non-inflammatory degenerative disorder of the joints."
D. "OA primarily affects men more than women."
Correct Answer: C. "Osteoarthritis is a non-inflammatory degenerative disorder of the joints."
A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected osteoarthritis. Which symptom is most indicative of OA? A. Joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
B. Symmetrical joint swelling and stiffness
C. Morning stiffness lasting more than an hour
D. Systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise
Correct Answer: A. Joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
At what age is peak bone mass typically achieved? A. Teenage years
B. Early 20s
C. Early 30s
D. Early 40s
Correct Answer: D. Early 40s
A patient with osteoporosis is at high risk for certain types of fractures. Which locations are most commonly affected by fractures in osteoporosis? A. Skull and ribs
B. Femur, wrist, and spine
C. Pelvis and clavicle
D. Sternum and mandible
Correct Answer: B. Femur, wrist, and spine
Which laboratory findings are typically associated with osteoporosis? A. Elevated serum calcium, low serum phosphate
B. Low serum calcium, elevated serum phosphate, and low vitamin D
C. Low serum calcium, low serum phosphate
D. Elevated serum calcium, elevated vitamin D
Correct Answer: B. Low serum calcium, elevated serum phosphate, and low vitamin D
A patient with osteoarthritis (OA) often describes their condition as "bone on bone." Which of the following best explains this phrase? A. The cartilage between bones is worn down, causing bones to rub directly against each other.
B. The bones are forming new cartilage to replace the damaged areas.
C. Inflammation is causing swelling that separates the bones.
D. The bones are fusing together due to excessive calcium deposits.
Correct Answer: A. The cartilage between bones is worn down, causing bones to rub directly against each other.
A nurse is educating a patient about nonpharmacologic management of osteoarthritis. Which intervention should be emphasized? A. High-impact exercise routines
B. Encouraging weight loss and regular low-impact exercise
C. Complete bed rest
D. Avoiding all physical activity
Correct Answer: B. Encouraging weight loss and regular low-impact exercise
Which medication is most commonly associated with contributing to secondary osteoporosis? A. NSAIDs
B. Corticosteroids
C. Acetaminophen
D. Antibiotics
Correct Answer: B. Corticosteroids
A nurse is providing patient education on nutrition to prevent osteoporosis. Which nutritional advice should be included? A. Limit intake of vitamin D.
B. Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
C. Avoid dairy products to reduce calcium intake.
D. Increase consumption of high-fat foods.
Correct Answer: B. Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for adults over 50 years to help prevent osteoporosis?
A. 400-600 IU
B. 600-800 IU
C. 800-1000 IU
D. 1000-1200 IU
**Correct Answer: C. 800-1000 IU**
Which factor is not commonly associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis? A. Low body weight
B. Increasing age
C. Previous joint injury
D. Obesity
Correct Answer: A. Low body weight
Which medication is considered the first line of therapy for osteoarthritis pain management? A. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)
B. Corticosteroid injections
C. Tramadol (Ultram)
D. Glucosamine and chondroitin
Correct Answer: A. NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)
Which factor primarily determines a person's peak bone mass? A. Dietary calcium intake
B. Physical activity levels
C. Genetic factors
D. Vitamin D supplementation
Correct Answer: C. Genetic factors
What are some complications associated with untreated osteoporosis?
A. Osteoarthritis and joint pain
B. Vertebral compression fractures leading to kyphosis
C. Increased muscle mass and strength
D. Chronic fatigue syndrome
Correct Answer: B. Vertebral compression fractures leading to kyphosis
A nurse is educating a patient on the proper administration of alendronate (Fosamax) for osteoporosis. Which instruction is correct?
A. Take the medication with food to avoid gastrointestinal upset.
B. Take the medication on an empty stomach with a full glass of water first thing in the morning.
C. Lie down immediately after taking the medication.
D. Take the medication before bedtime.
**Correct Answer: B. Take the medication on an empty stomach with a full glass of water first thing in the morning.**
What laboratory tests might a healthcare provider order before initiating pharmacologic therapy for osteoarthritis? A. CBC, CMP including glucose, creatinine, and liver function tests
B. Thyroid function tests and lipid profile
C. Coagulation profile and D-dimer
D. Allergy testing and urinalysis
Correct Answer: A. CBC, CMP including glucose, creatinine, and liver function tests
A patient with osteoarthritis is considering joint arthroplasty. What should the nurse explain as a common reason for this surgical intervention? A. To cure osteoarthritis
B. To relieve severe pain and improve joint function
C. To prevent osteophyte formation
D. To reduce systemic inflammation
Correct Answer: B. To relieve severe pain and improve joint function
A nurse is educating a patient about osteoporosis. Which statement is correct regarding the demographics most affected by osteoporosis? A. Osteoporosis primarily affects young men.
B. Osteoporosis primarily affects postmenopausal women.
C. Osteoporosis is most common in children.
D. Osteoporosis equally affects men and women of all ages.
Correct Answer: B. Osteoporosis primarily affects postmenopausal women.
Which medication is most commonly associated with contributing to secondary osteoporosis?
A. NSAIDs
B. Corticosteroids
C. Acetaminophen
D. Antibiotics
Correct Answer: B. Corticosteroids
Which symptom is commonly associated with hypocalcemia in patients with osteoporosis?
A. Muscle spasms and tetany
B. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
C. Increased blood pressure and heart rate
D. Decreased reflexes
**Correct Answer: A. Muscle spasms and tetany**