Ethics
The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.
What is plagiarism?
The numbers representing different categories are ordered or ranked in a linear way (e.g., least to greatest or greatest to least)
What is ordinal scale?
This design includes multiple stake holders and views them all as equal partners working together to improve a social problem
What is Participatory Action Research?
This particular design is where data is collected on a single variable or a series of single variables and then characterized by descriptive statistics
What is univariate research design?
Refers to the adequacy with which an assessment captures the domain of the construct it aims to measure.
What is content validity?
This is required for potential participants who wish to make an informed decision about whether or not they want to participate in the study.
What is informed consent?
An average within a sample of people and describes successive deviations from that norm.
What is normal distribution?
This design "sees" social reality and knowledge as relative to particular people and times
What is critical theory?
This type of validity has to do with whether or not it is generalizable to a non-research environment
What is external validity?
This is studied by having two or more raters observe the same clients, either directly or through video or audiotape.
What is interrater reliability?
The one of the 3 principles of Belmont that refers to minimizing risk and maximizing the potential for benefits in human subject research
What is beneficence?
Assumes that sample data comes from a population that follows a probability distribution based on a fixed set of parameters.
What is parametric statistics?
This technique increases the accuracy (trustworthiness) of data collection where two or more strategies are used to collect or interpret data
What is triangulation?
These are 2 ways to collect quantitative data:
What are observation, interviews, self-report measures, standardized tests, contextual/environmental assessments, focus groups and town hall meetings, biometric measures, documents/records review.
The ability of an assessment to detect the presence of a problem or condition when it is present.
What is sensitivity?
This is a mechanism for regulatory oversight that exists within a university, medical center, or other industry to ensure the proposed study is safe and ethical for all participants
What is Institutional Review Board? (IRB)
This compares the means from two independent groups or samples.
What is independent samples t-test?
This process helps strengthen the quality of qualitative data collection through a continuous cycle of seeking insights from inward reflection on the experiences of working in the outside world and looking back at what is being learned outside in light of the inner experience
What is reflexivity?
The failure to find and report a relationship when the relationship actually exists
What is Type II error?
Measures that are standardized according to statistical norms established within certain groups of people.
What is norm-referenced?
This is one of the earliest US codes regarding the ethical conduct of research which involves 10 prinicples
What is Nuremberg Code?
These types of tests are used when assumptions about normality and homogeneity of variance are not met.
What are nonparametric statistics?
This occurs when participants know they are being researched and could alter their behavior to "look good" for the researcher.
What is Hawthorne effect (or social desirability bias)?
These are 2 of the 7 elements of a basic qualitative design:
What are - using a representative sample; using 1 categorical independent variable; random assignment to groups (to as many conditions as independent variables); ensuring fidelity (adm. independent variable as planned); minimizing confounding variables; measuring all subjects on dependent variable; developing hypothesis?
This refers to making interpretations of a score with reference to what is considered adequate or acceptable performance.
What is criterion reference?