General Principals
Extent of movement that occurs at a joint..
What is Range of Motion (ROM)
The tool most widely used to measure joint ROM in the clinical environment.
What is the goniometer
This is the normal range of motion for shoulder flexion
What is 0-170 degrees
This is the normal ROM for forearm supination
What is 0-80 to 90 degrees
This is the position of the goniometer for testing ROM of shoulder flexion
What is the axis is center of humerus just distal to acromion process on lateral aspect of humerus. Stationary bar is parallel to trunk, and movable bar is parallel to humerus
motion through which the joint passes when moved by an outside force
What is Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
This part of the goniometer is the proximal bar and includes a small protractor (half circle) of 0-180 degrees or a full circle printed with a scale from 0-360 degrees.
What is the Stationary bar
This is the usual position for the subject during ROM testing for Shoulder extension.
What is seated or prone, with no obstruction behind humerus. Humerus is in neutral position.
This is the position of the subject for the alternate method for supination.
This is the axis pooint for horizontal abduction and adduction.
What is over the acromion process.
Arc of motion through which the joint passes when voluntarily moved by muscles acting on the joint
What is Active Range of Motion (AROM)
This is attached to the axis of the protractor and acts as a dial
What is Movable Bar
This is the position of the subject when testing horizontal abduction
What is seated with shoulder to be tested abducted to 90 degrees, the elbow extended with the palm facing down. The patient's arm may be supported in abduction.
This is the normal ROM for wrist flexion
What is 0- 30 degrees
This is the position of the goniometer for external rotation.
What is the axis is over the olecranon of elbow, stationary bar and movable bar are parallel to forearm.
Unusual discomfort, unusual restriction or freedom of movement, or audible noise from the joint
What is Crepitation
Shoulder internal and external rotation occur in this anatomic plane.
This is the position of the subject when testing the external rotation
What is humerus adducted, elbow at 90 degrees, and forearm in midposition, perpendicular to body.
This is the normal ROM for wrist flexion
What is 0-80 degrees
This is the position of the goniometer for ROM testing of forearm supination.
What is axis is at the ulnar border of volar aspect of wrist, just proximal to ulna styloid. Stationary bar is perpendicular to the floor, and movable bar is resting against volar aspect of wrist.
The minimum ROM needed to execute performance in essential areas of occupation without the use of special equipment.
What is Functional ROM
Flexion and extension occur in this anatomic plane around the coronal axis
This is the normal ROM for elbow extension to flexion.
What is 0-135 to 150 degrees
This is the position for the subject when testing ROM for radial deviation.
This is the position of the goniometer for wrist flexion ROM testing
What is axis is on lateral aspect of wrist just distal to radial styloid in anatomic snuffbox. Stationary bar is parallel to radius, and movable bar is parallel to metacarpal of index finger.