Neurologic Conditions
Name one typical OT intervention done in the early stages of ALS.
What is ROM, Strengthening, Energy Conservation, Work Simplification, Self-Care Adaptations, Maintain function (splinting/ Adaptive equipment/ communication devices)
Name two modifiable risk factors for a stroke.
What is HTN, Diabetes, High Cholesterol, Smoking, and Lifestyle factors (diet/exercise), obesity, disorders of the heart rhythm (Atrial fibrillation),
Name one age-related change that impacts an older adult's sexuality.
What are metabolic changes, musculoskeletal changes, neuromuscular changes, neuromotor changes, cognitive-behavioral changes, sexual response changes, and medications?
End-of-life care includes both ____ and ____.
Hospice care and Palliative care.
____ is a disorder where the body has an abnormality in central pain processing; it is more common in women than men, but the cause is unknown. This disorder can cause functional and cognitive impairments.
What is Fibromyalgia.
____ is the most common type of Multiple Sclerosis. Symptoms flare up and worsen, then go away or improve.
What is Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)?
____ is a type of stroke that occurs when blood flow is interrupted to the brain and usually resolves within 24 hours.
What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).
What is the PLISSIT model?
The PLISSIT Model is used for addressing sexual health concerns to help health professionals discuss and treat sexual problems.
P- Permission
LI- Limited Information
SS- Specific Suggestions
IT- Intensive therapy
_____ is an approach that seeks to improve the quality of life of patients and families who face problems associated with a life-threatening illness through the prevention and relief of suffering through early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other physical, psychosocial, and spiritual problems.
What is Palliative Care?
Name one common OT intervention for older adults experiencing sleep difficulties.
What are environmental adaptations (increased light cues during the day, increasing darkness for sleep prep, decreased noise, room temp, bedding, etc.), positioning, adapting habits and routines, mindfulness.
For a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), what is a primary focus of a client-centered OT intervention?
A. Enhancing fine motor skills for handwriting.
B. Supporting participation in meaningful ADLs with adaptive equipment.
C. Recommending high-intensity strength training to improve endurance.
D. Addressing balance for fall prevention.
B. Supporting participation in meaningful ADLs with adaptive equipment.
Rationale: ALS interventions often focus on maintaining quality of life and functional independence through adaptations.
What does F.A.S.T. stand for, and what is this acronym used for?
F- face
A-arms
S- speech
T- time
Are used to identify the signs of a stroke.
Name one of the six therapeutic modes of the Intentional Relationship Model.
What are advocating, collaborating, empathizing, encouraging, instructing, and problem-solving?
A client in hospice care expresses a desire to continue engaging in gardening. What is the MOST appropriate OT intervention?
A. Educate the caregiver on providing passive ROM exercises.
B. Modify gardening tools to accommodate the client’s energy levels and physical abilities.
C. Shift therapy goals to focus solely on caregiver education.
D. Advise against continuing activities to preserve the client’s energy.
B. Modify gardening tools to accommodate the client’s energy levels and physical abilities.
Rationale: Focusing on meaningful activities supports quality of life in hospice care.
___ is a type of lower back pain that involves the nerve root and causes shooting pain down the leg. A common type is Sciatica.
What is Radiculopathy?
A client with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) demonstrates difficulty initiating movement during morning ADLs. What is the BEST OT intervention to address this challenge?
A. Provide verbal prompts and visual cues.
B. Recommend a powered wheelchair for mobility.
C. Introduce a memory book to support cognition.
D. Schedule a caregiver to assist with morning routines.
A. Provide verbal prompts and visual cues.
Rationale: Visual and verbal cues help with motor initiation in clients with PD.
A client with right hemiparesis post-stroke struggles to locate items on the left side during grooming. Which evidence-based intervention is MOST appropriate?
A. Teach safe self-ROM for the left shoulder.
B. Train the client in visual scanning strategies during grooming tasks.
C. Recommend mirror therapy to reduce neglect.
D. Introduce a hemi-sling to prevent subluxation.
B. Train the client in visual scanning strategies during grooming tasks.
Rationale: Visual scanning helps address unilateral neglect and improve functional performance.
A middle-aged client with a spinal cord injury (SCI) reports feeling disconnected from their partner and is unsure how to navigate intimacy with their new physical limitations. What is the BEST approach for the OT to take in addressing this concern?
A. Provide educational resources on adaptive techniques for sexual activity.
B. Suggest the couple attend counseling to address emotional concerns.
C. Focus on improving the client’s independence with ADLs to rebuild confidence.
D. Facilitate a conversation between the client and their partner about their concerns.
A. Provide educational resources on adaptive techniques for sexual activity.
Rationale:
While emotional and relational concerns are important, the OT's role in this scenario includes providing specific, practical strategies to address physical and functional barriers to intimacy. This approach empowers the client and supports their relationship directly.
An older adult living alone is interested in “aging in place” but has limited mobility. Which OT intervention aligns with this goal?
A. Train the client on the use of smart home devices for environmental control.
B. Recommend moving to an assisted living facility.
C. Focus therapy sessions on outdoor mobility training.
D. Suggest attending group exercise classes at a local gym.
A. Train the client on the use of smart home devices for environmental control.
Rationale: Smart home technology supports independence and safety in aging in place.
What sleep hygiene strategy should an OT recommend to a client with chronic insomnia secondary to fibromyalgia?
A. Take short naps during the day to reduce fatigue.
B. Limit caffeine and screen time before bed.
C. Increase physical activity in the evening.
D. Use bright lighting in the bedroom to stay alert.
B. Limit caffeine and screen time before bed.
Rationale: Reducing stimulants and screen exposure supports better sleep hygiene.
In the acute care phase of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), which intervention should the OT prioritize?
A. Educating the caregiver on positioning to prevent pressure injuries.
B. Initiating a resistive strengthening program.
C. Training the client in community mobility.
D. Providing home modifications for future independence.
A. Educating the caregiver on positioning to prevent pressure injuries.
Rationale: Preventing secondary complications like pressure injuries is a priority in the acute phase.
During an inpatient rehab session, an OT observes that a client with a stroke experiences shoulder subluxation on the affected side. What is the BEST initial intervention?
A. Position the shoulder in a resting splint during activities.
B. Educate the client on safe handling techniques and support during transfers.
C. Apply functional electrical stimulation (FES) to the shoulder muscles.
D. Avoid using the affected arm in all activities.
B. Educate the client on safe handling techniques and support during transfers.
Rationale: Preventing further damage through education and proper handling is crucial early on.
An adult with Multiple Sclerosis expresses concern about how their condition impacts their romantic relationships. What should the OT address FIRST?
A. Provide education on energy conservation techniques.
B. Facilitate a discussion about how MS can affect intimacy and self-identity.
C. Recommend adaptive equipment to improve ADL independence.
D. Refer the client to a psychologist for further support.
B. Facilitate a discussion about how MS can affect intimacy and self-identity.
Rationale: Addressing emotional and identity-related concerns helps build trust and prioritize client needs.
A client receiving palliative care expresses a desire to remain involved in cooking meals for their family but is experiencing significant fatigue and weakness. What is the BEST OT intervention to support this goal?
A. Recommend energy conservation strategies, such as sitting while preparing meals.
B. Advise the client to stop cooking to conserve energy for other activities.
C. Focus therapy on improving strength to regain full independence in cooking.
D. Suggest family members take over meal preparation entirely.
A. Recommend energy conservation strategies, such as sitting while preparing meals.
Rationale:
Energy conservation strategies allow the client to continue participating in meaningful activities, like cooking, while minimizing fatigue. This approach aligns with palliative care's goal of enhancing quality of life and maintaining engagement in valued roles.
How does the role of an OT differ between acute care and home health settings?
A. Acute care focuses on discharge planning, while home health emphasizes return to work.
B. Acute care involves stabilization and caregiver education, while home health targets functional independence in the home environment.
C. Both settings prioritize long-term goal achievement.
D. Home health focuses on clinical assessments, while acute care centers on home modifications.
B. Acute care involves stabilization and caregiver education, while home health targets functional independence in the home environment.
Rationale: The goals of OT vary based on the setting and stage of recovery.