Wrist
Which two carpal bones articulate with the radius to create the radiocarpal joint?
Scaphoid and lunate
Which muscle produces proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint flexion for digits 2-5?
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
How does the vertebral disc change during cervical flexion?
Disc compresses anteriorly
How does standing with the feet close together affect balance?
Decreases the base of support (BOS), creating a smaller area to maintain the center of gravity (COG).
Which two muscles groups are the primary movers when a person transfers from standing to sitting?
Quadriceps and gluteal muscles through an eccentric contraction.
0-40 degrees each way
Which side of the hand is used for fine motor activities?
Radial sided digits (or digits 1-3)
How does the lumbar curvature of the spine change when the pelvis is in posterior tilt?
Lumbar curvature decreases (lower back gets flatter)
What is the primary sense that impacts balance?
Vision
What type of roll would someone who had spinal surgery need to use when performing bed mobility?
Log roll
The dart thrower motion combines which motions?
Wrist flexion + ulnar deviation; wrist extension + radial deviation
Which joint of the hand has the most degree of freedom (DOF)?
1st carpometacarpal (CMC) joint
Which muscle group is the primary extensor of the trunk?
Erector spinae group
How does a person's postural alignment change when they are holding something heavy up close to their abdomen?
They lean posteriorly to bring the increased mass into the base of support (BOS).
Which phase of the gait cycle starts with heel on and ends with toe off?
Stance phase
Simultaneous contraction of extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) would produce what movement?
Ulnar deviation
How many muscles converge at the extensor hood to create proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint extension?
Four - EDC, palmar interossei, dorasl interossei, and lumbricals
When assessing posture from the sagittal (side) view, what body part should the ear align with in the ideal posture?
The ear should align with the AC joint of the shoulder
What is the normal score for the Timed Up and Go?
Normal = Completes task within 10 seconds or less
Which position is the wrist most likely to move into when a person has a forward fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH)?
Wrist extension
Simultaneous contraction of the palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, and lumbricals would create which posture of the hand?
Intrinsic plus position
What is the proper term for slumped posture of the upper trunk?
Excessive thoracic kyphosis or dowagers hump
If the medical documentation states a client has fair dynamic standing balance, how much assistance will they require?
Minimal assistance
What motion is the ankle lacking if a person has foot drop?
Ankle dorsiflexion