Physical Assessments
How should a client be positioned to measure hip flexion, against gravity?
Supine, with knee in mid-range flexion (to avoid restriction of the hamstrings as the hip flexes)
Name 3 general areas of focus for an ergonomic evaluation.
1) Workplace Process
2) Workplace Design/Set-Up
3) Work-related Stress (physical, mental, emotional)
4) Disabled and Aging Workforce Concerns
5) Tool and Equipment Design
6) Architectural Design
7) Accessibility
How does the vertebral disc change during cervical flexion?
Disc compresses anteriorly
How does standing with the feet close together affect balance?
Decreases the base of support (BOS), creating a smaller area to maintain the center of gravity (COG).
Which two muscles groups are the primary movers when a person transfers from standing to sitting?
Quadriceps and gluteal muscles through an eccentric contraction.
What does the ABC scale capture?
Self-confidence percentage with balance while performing various activities.
Name 3 Ergonomic Risk Factors.
1) Heavy Lifting
2) Repetition
3) Prolonged Static Positioning
4) Contract Stress
5) Vibration
6) Cold Temp
How does the lumbar curvature of the spine change when the pelvis is in posterior tilt?
Lumbar curvature decreases (lower back gets flatter)
What is the primary sense that impacts balance?
Vision
What type of roll would someone who had spinal surgery need to use when performing bed mobility?
Log roll
Low Risk for Falls
Name 3 common pressure points in a seated position.
1) Scapula
2) Thoracic Spinous Processes
3) Sacrum
4) Ischial Tuberosities
5) Back of Knees
6) Calcaneus
7) Foot
Which muscle group is the primary extensor of the trunk?
Erector spinae group
How does a person's postural alignment change when they are holding something heavy up close to their abdomen?
They lean posteriorly to bring the increased mass into the base of support (BOS).
Which phase of the gait cycle starts with heel on and ends with toe off?
Stance phase
A score between 6-10 inches on the functional reach test indicates what level or risk for falls?
Moderate
What are the four main considerations for ergonomic recommendations?
When assessing posture from the sagittal (side) view, what body part should the ear align with in the ideal posture?
The ear should align with the AC joint of the shoulder
Ankle planterflexors correct __________ sway. Ankle dorsiflexors correct ________ sway.
Ankle planterflexors correct anterior sway. Ankle dorsiflexors correct posterior sway.
What does the ROSA form assess? Name 2 categories.
Rapid Office Strain Assessment
1) Armrest and back support
2) Monitor
3) Mouse and Keyboard
4) Peripherals
Workstation Design: how many inches are recommended between a screen and the individual using it?
18 - 24 inches
What is the proper term for slumped posture of the upper trunk?
Excessive thoracic kyphosis
If the medical documentation states a client has "fair + dynamic standing balance," what ability do you anticipate the client will have?
Able to right self with minor loss of balance.
What motion is the ankle lacking if a person has foot drop?
Ankle dorsiflexion