Occupation as end & Occupation as means
This approach uses occupation to directly address a client’s goals and desired outcomes.
What is occupation-as-end?
This model emphasizes that occupation supports the development of skills for daily activities.
What is the OFM (Occupational Functioning Model)?
A process of reasoning informed by clinical pathways or routines traditionally used by a therapist to improve function.
What is procedural reasoning?
This stage marks the beginning of individualizing intervention, as practitioners move beyond procedural skills.
What is advanced beginner?
A lifelong, learning-oriented approach to working with people with diverse cultural backgrounds and a recognition of power dynamics in health care
What is cultural humility?
When occupation is used as the therapeutic process to improve function, it’s known as this.
What is occupation-as-means?
OFM’s primary focus is on a person's ability to achieve this in their environment.
What is competence?
Recognizes the client as the expert in their own lived experiences and, as such, produces a process of reasoning to collect critical information on the contexts of their lives and occupations of importance.
What is interactive reasoning?
Practitioners in this stage view the client holistically and use interactive reasoning to adjust their plans.
What is proficient?
The process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care
What is professional Reasoning?
Donning Pants to get dressed
What is occupation as ends
This element of the OFM represents a persons ability to carry out roles, tasks, and activities
What is self-efficacy?
Multifaceted and multiperspective reasoning process used to understand clients' needs to address potential shifts in identity because of changes in functional capacity.
What is conditional reasoning?
This stage is marked by practitioners who rely on intuitive, uses multiple sources to create intervention, articulates evidence, identifies cues
What is expert?
Cultural competence often fails to address this aspect of healthcare relationships, which cultural humility seeks to highlight.
What are power dynamics?
Brushing hair to increase shoulder ROM
What is occupation as means?
The OFM is hierarchical, meaning that this type of ability can impact higher-level occupations.
What are lower-level abilities?
Reasoning informed by knowledge gathered through listening to, reflecting on, and empathizing with the client to paint the picture for developing a client-centered intervention plan.
What is narrative reasoning?
Adheres to textbook theories, relieve on scientific reasoning, follows protocols, focuses on procedural skills
What is novice?
This type of thinking focuses on what an individual or group lacks, often influenced by implicit bias.
What is deficit thinking?
Frying eggs to eat breakfast
What is occupation as ends?
What were roles and what client wants to, needs to, and is expected to do now
What is top down assessment approach
Decision making that works within the parameters of the clinical as well as the social restriction of the context, the client, and therapist that includes time, place, and availability of resources
What is pragmatic reasoning?
Sees more facts, individuals intervention, incorporates narrative reasoning
What is competent?
You are working with a patient recovering from a stroke who has limited mobility in their right arm. As an occupational therapist, you use standardized protocols and therapeutic exercises designed to improve range of motion and strength. You follow specific guidelines based on the patient's diagnosis and progress to determine the next steps in the treatment plan.
What type of reasoning are you using in this scenario, and why is it important to adhere to these protocols during the early stages of rehabilitation?
What is procedural reasoning?