Spongy
____ refers to bone loss whereas ___ refers to bone gained
resorption, deposition
Name the imbalance: mild to moderate imbalances may produce no symptoms, but if severe can lead to lethargy, weaknesses, confusion, or dysthymias
Hypercalcemia
___, the hormone primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Name the drug & class: used in the treatment of psoriasis or RA, this medication is administered once a week subQ, can increase the risk of developing serious infections & malignancies, and should not be used with Anakinra (TNF antagonist) or live vaccines.
Adalimumab (Humira), DMARD, Drug for psoriasis, Drug for IBD, TNF Antagonist
___, the active form of vitamin D, increases absorption of Ca+ from the GI tract
Calcitriol
Name the drug & class: Available both PO & IV, this medication is indicated for use in the tx of Candida albicans infections but can cause SJS in immunocompromised pts
Fluconazole (Difulcan), antifungal
Name the drug & class: indicated for the treatment of mild or chronic hypocalcemia, this medication should be given with food if taken orally (but be sure to avoid Zinc- rich foods), should be administered slowly if administered IV to avoid hypotension, and is contraindicated for use in pts w/ metastatic bone cancer
Calcium salts (Ca Carbonate, Ca Citrate), hypocalcemia agent
____, a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland when serum Ca+ is elevated
Calcitonin
Name the drug & class: indicated for use in the treatment of superficial fungal infections, this medication is not absorbed well in the GI tract and is too toxic for parenteral administration
Nystatin, antifungal, polyene
Name the drug & class: this medication can take 1-3 weeks to be therapeutic, is associated w/ the development of dangerous rashes (epidermal necrolysis, SJS), and is often used in the tx of recurrent kidney stones & gout
Allopurinol (Lopurin, Zyloprim), Xanthin oxidase inhibitor
Name the drug: indicated for use in the tx of osteoporosis in women >5 years post menopausal w/ elevated serum Ca+ levels, this medication targets the bone to inhibit osteoclast activity and is only available subQ
Miacalcin, calcitonin- salmon
Name the drug & class: This medication, used as both the first line treatment and prophylaxis of TB, should be taken on an empty stomach, can result in hepatotoxicity, and should not be taken with foods that contain Tyramine
Isoniazid (INH), anti-tuberculosis drug, mycolic acid inhibitor
_____, the inactive form of vitamin D that is absorbed from the skin or dietary products
Cholecalciferol
Name the drug & class: this medication must be infused slowly due the risk of CV collapse, causes nephrotoxicity in 80% of recipients requiring BUN/Cr monitoring, and is used to treat serious systemic mycoses
Amphotericin B, systemic antifungal
Not a disease but an underlying pathology w/ many causes, results in cellular membranes to become hyperexcitable and is treated via dietary adjustment or w/ vitamin D supplement (ergocalciferol)
Hypocalcemia
Name the drug & class: indicated for osteoporosis prevention in post- menopausal women, this medication can cause hot flashes, leg cramps, and weight gain and should be used w/ caution in pts w/ a hx of venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Raloxifene (Evista), SERM
Name the drug & class: this medication is most effective in the treatment of HSV1 & HSV2, must be administered consistently, and can cause neurotoxicity & nephrotoxicity when administered IV
Acyclovir (Zovirax), antiviral, nucleoside analog
Name the drug & class: this anti-infective is the traditional drug of choice in the tx of non-malarial protozoan infections, is contraindicated for use in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and can elevate lithium levels in pts taking Lithium
Metronidazole (Flagyl), anti-infective, antiprotozoal, drug disrupts nucleic acid synthesis
Name the drug & class: often used in combination with other anti-retroviral meds, this medication is used to treat HIV in both adult & pediatric pts should be taken 2hrs before &/or 6hrs post taking a Ca containing supplement and is contraindicated for use in pts w/ severe CKD or hepatic impairment
Dolutegravir (DTG, Tivicay), antiretroviral, Integrase strand transfer inhibitor
Name the drug & class: indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis, this medication lowers ALP levels, should be taken on an empty stomach & the pt should remain upright 30 min post admin, but is contraindicated in pts w/ Osteomalacia or those w/ abnormalities of the esophagus
Alendronate (Fosamax), Bisphosphonate, bone resorption inhibitor
Name the drug & class: this medication is most frequently used to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to fetus, should be taken on an empty stomach w/ a full glass of water, and can cause fatal lactic acidosis w/ hepatomegaly
Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir), antiretroviral, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Name the drug & class: this medication is used as both an immunosuppressant drug & for the remission of primary tumors, is teratogenic, should not be taken w/ more than 180mg of caffeine, and if used w/ NSAIDs can cause myelosuppression or severe drug toxicity
Methotrexate (MTX), Antineoplastic, Antimetabolite, folic acid analog, immunosuppressant, DMARD
Name the drug & class: this medication is approved for use in the treatment of HIV for pts 3mo+ and should be given at bedtime to limit adverse CNS events which are experienced in approx half of recipients
Efavirenz (Sustiva), antiretroviral, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
Name the drug & class: indicated for the tx of hypocalcemia in pts w/ CKD, this medication is typically prescribed in combination w/ Ca+ supplements but can result in hypercalcemia if taken w/ Ca+- rich foods
Calcitriol (Calcijex), Vit D, bone resorption inhibitor
Name the drug & class: this medication is most effective when chewed and taken w/ a fatty meal, may cause diarrhea as the parasite dies, and is used for either 1 or 3 days depending on the offending organism.
Mebendazole (Emverm), drug for worm infections, Anti-helminthic