Diagnostics
A diagnostic tool using electrodes on the client's skin that provide a "snapshot" of cardiac function, useful in diagnosing arrythmias and other cardiac conditions.
What is an electrocardiogram (EKG)?
A client began experiencing chest pain while helping his daughter move into her new place. He sat down and the chest pain subsided.
What is an example of stable angina?
This lipoprotein is often referred to as the "good" cholesterol. Levels > 60 ng/dL are preferred
What is high-density level (HDL)?
This medication is the first pharmaceutical administered to clients experiencing angina or an MI. Generally prepared sublingually, this medication dilates the blood vessels, improves cardiac output, and reduces oxygen demand by the heart muscle.
What is nitroglycerin?
Which best supports a heart healthy diet?
A. A grilled chicken sandwich, whole grain rice, and green tea.
B. Beer-battered fish and chips and soda.
C. A bacon burger with mashed potatoes and milk.
D. Roasted vegetables, grilled salmon, and water.
D. This diet maintains low carbohydrates, low sodium, and healthy fats that the others lack. Water is the recommended fluid to quench thirst for those with heart conditions (especially CHF where they may need to limit fluid intake)
Diagnostic tests that evaluate the hearts response to exertion, generally through "exercise" or "chemical" induction.
What are stress tests?
A client recently admitted to the telemetry unit for chest pain has been ordered bedrest. His initial chest pain subsided but now complains of a stabbing chest pain even lying in bed.
What is an example of unstable angina?
This lipoprotein is often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol. Levels < 100 ng/dL are preferred
Also referred to as "adrenaline," this commonly used first line of response in emergent situations works by dilating the airways improving respiratory function and constricting the blood vessels improving circulatory function.
What is epinephrine?
Which of the following is a healthy coping mechanism for someone at risk of cardiac complications?
A. Socializing with friends at the smoky bar down the street to decrease stress.
B. Winding down after a hard day of work by taking it easy at home with a bottle of wine.
C. Beginning a moderate walking group with other neighbors every morning before work.
D. Watching tv, movies, or playing video games most days to avoid strenuous activity.
C. This is consistent with the recommendations for someone at risk for heart complications. 30 minutes for 5 days a week or 150 minutes of moderate activity per week is suggested.
A non-invasive procedure. Externally applied sound imaging is utilized to gather data regarding cardiac structure and function.
What is an echocardiogram?
A female client is experiencing persistent intensifying jaw pain, sweating, shortness of breath, pallor, and appears very anxious.
What is an example of a myocardial infarction (MI)?
The most commonly used cardiac marker of myocardial infarction. It indicates damage to the heart muscle.
What is troponin?
This medication is commonly administered during persistent symptomatic bradycardia. This anticholinergic blocks the parasympathetic nervous system and promotes an increased heart rate.
What is atropine?
After the initial administration of the first nitroglycerin, the client or the person caring for the client should do this even if the pain has passed.
Call 911
A minimally invasive procedure. With a sedated client, a camera is inserted orally to visualize structures and functions of the heart. With less interference from lung tissue and the chest wall, this procedure is ideal to visualize functions of the valves.
What is a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)?
A client presents edematous, short of breath, with crackles in their lungs, tachycardic, with ascites and jugular vein distention.
What is an example of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
The most commonly used cardiac marker of congestive heart failure. It indicates increased cardiac wall stress.
What is B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)?
The primary use of this medication is to interrupt the cardiac rhythm. Useful for its short half-life, this medication temporarily stops the heart to disrupt arrythmias (such as SVTs).
What is adenosine?
What are antiplatelets?
This is the "gold standard" for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). Dye is typically injected into the vessels to visualize blockages.
What is a coronary angiography?
A client reports waking up from their sleep at times with an intense chest pain. They've noticed it happens only late at night or early in the morning.
What is an example of Prinzmetal/variant angina
These fatty molecules make up most of the fat found in the body. Elevated levels contribute to increased cardiovascular risks.
What are triglycerides?
A natural neurotransmitter also utilized in emergent situations, this medication is commonly administered during cardiogenic shock and in cases of persistent hypotension.
What is dopamine?
The recommended limit of fluids for someone with CHF.
What is less than 1.5-2 L / day?