Cell Theory
A function of cell membranes in humans is the
(1) synthesis of the amino acids
(2) production of energy
(3) replication of genetic material
(4) recognition of certain chemicals
(4) Recognition of certain chemicals
DNA is able to control cellular activities most directly by: regulating the process of
(1) meiotic division
(2) protein synthesis
(3) active transport
(4) selective breeding
(2) protein synthesis
What are the four bases of DNA, and which ones pair together?
cytosine and guanine; thymine and adenine
Which expression correctly represents a reproductive process that usually occurs in humans where 2n is equal to the number of chromosomes in each body cell?
(1) n+n→n
(2) n+n→2n
(3) n+2n→2n
(4) 2n+2n→4n
(2) n+n→2n
Which activity can occur without the use of energy?
(1) contraction of muscle tissue
(2) protein synthesis in a cell
(3) active transport of minerals
(4) movement of water across a membrane
(4) movement of water across a membrane
Single-celled organisms are able to maintain internal stability because they
(1) have multiple organ systems
(2) work with other cells
(3) contain structures that perform life functions
(4) carry out photosynthesis to produce food
(3) contain structures that perform life functions
What organelle manufactures proteins?
Ribosome
Which event would most likely cause a change in a genetic sequence in an organism?
(1) eating certain foods high in saturated fats
(2) strenuous physical activity
(3) exposure to radiation
(4) a sudden exposure to cooler temperatures
(3) exposure to radiation
A new vaccine was developed and then tested on a large sample of individuals. This new vaccine will be considered effective if it helps prepare the body to fight future invasion by
(1) inhibiting the response of red blood cells
(2) stimulating the reproduction of microbes
(3) inhibiting the action of immune cells
(4) stimulating the production of antibodies
(4) stimulating the production of antibodies
The increased use of wind turbines and solar collectors to generate electric power will
(1) negatively affect ecosystems by increasing biodiversity
(2) negatively alter the chemical composition of soil and water
(3) reduce the amount of pollution that comes from the burning of fossil fuels
(4) increase oil consumption for business and industry
(3) reduce the amount of pollution that comes from the burning of fossil fuels
Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?
(1) The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.
(2) The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.
(3) The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.
(4) The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out.
(2) The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.
Which DNA base is replaced in RNA? What is it replaced with?
Thymine; replaced with uracil
Which of the following is an example of a beneficial mutation?
(1) an organism's lifespan shortens
(2) an organism is unable to reproduce
(3) an organism's body is deformed
(4) an organism develops an immunity to disease
(4) an organism develops an immunity to disease
A Native American saying states that, “We do not inherit the land we live on from our grandparents, we borrow it from our grandchildren.” This saying is an attempt to make us understand that
(1) the impact we have on the environment lasts for many generations
(2) we must pay a lot of money to buy land from our parents
(3) what we do today to the environment has little impact on our children
(4) human actions only affect other humans
(1) the impact we have on the environment lasts for many generations
Which process allows for the evolution of finches over time?
(1) natural selection
(2) selective breeding
(3) asexual reproduction
(4) ecological succession
(1) natural selection
Which cell structures are correctly paired with their functions?
(1) The mitochondria produce enzymes, and ribosomes transport them.
(2) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic information.
(3) The cell membrane makes enzymes, and cytoplasm transports them.
(4) The vacuole stores genetic information, and chloroplasts make proteins.
(2) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic information.
The function of a specific enzyme is most directly influenced by its
(1) molecular size
(2) physical shape
(3) carrying capacity
(4) stored energy
(2) physical shape
A similarity between humans and many other multicellular animals is that they
(1) occupy the same niche in most food webs
(2) are composed of organ systems
(3) have the same DNA sequences
(4) carry out autotrophic nutrition
(2) are composed of organ systems
As a result of human activity, a significant percentage of the coral reefs in the oceans have been damaged. One-third of marine fish species depend on coral reefs for survival. Many of these fish might die. The most direct cause of the death of these fish would be
(1) habitat destruction
(2) direct harvesting
(3) recycling of nutrients
(4) use of nuclear fuels
(1) habitat destruction
The diagram below represents an incomplete sequence of levels of organization. organelles → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism This sequence can be completed correctly by inserting
(1) “cells →” between organelles and tissues
(2) “proteins →” between tissues and organs
(3) “populations →” between organs and organ systems
(4) “molecules →” between organ systems and organisms
(1) “cells →” between organelles and tissues
One possible explanation for the fact that some simple, one-celled organisms did not evolve into complex, multicellular organisms is that
(1) energy flow in an ecosystem requires simple autotrophic organisms
(2) the reproductive rate of single-celled organisms is too fast for change to occur
(3) these organisms possessed traits that enabled them to survive in a changing environment
(4) stability within an ecosystem requires the presence of a variety of different species
(3) these organisms possessed traits that enabled them to survive in a changing environment
Which of the following traits is encoded in your DNA?
(1) food preferences
(2) weight and muscle tone
(3) hair color
(4) intelligence
(3) hair color
Brothers and sisters often have similar facial characteristics, such as nose shape or eye color, because they
(1) are raised in similar environments
(2) eat similar types of foods
(3) have similar types of proteins
(4) use similar types of facial care products
(3) have similar types of proteins
Many scientists are worried about some of Earth’s finite resources because humans are
(1) using carbon dioxide faster than it is being produced
(2) placing industrial wastes in landfills
(3) interfering with energy flow from consumers to producers
(4) using large amounts of some materials that cannot be renewed
(4) using large amounts of some materials that cannot be renewed
Certain antibacterial soaps kill 99% of the bacteria present on hands. Constant use of these soaps could be harmful over time because
(1) more pathogens may be resistant to the soap
(2) microbes prevent viral diseases
(3) large populations of pathogens are beneficial to the hands
(4) the soap stimulates skin cell division
(1) more pathogens may be resistant to the soap