Geographic Exploration
After this war ended the Europeans explored other territories around Oceania for more colonies.
Seven Years War
Which explorer was part of a search for a northwest passage through North America connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific?
Captain Cook
What were three ways indigenous people would engage with Europeans?
ex.) Relationships/marriage, trade (better benefit each other), and friendships
A castaway from one of the various ships that came to the Pacific Islands
Beachcombers
This highly sought over item was highly traded due to its smell, versatility, and oil production.
Sandalwood
What led Captain James Cook to do three expeditions to Oceania in the 1760’s?
Astronomical theories of astronomers observing Venus across the sun as a way of finding the distance between the earth and the sun
What was the goal the Marshallese chiefs wanted to achieve by selling land to foreigners? How did this backfire?
Marshallese chiefs wanted to build alliances with them and though selling land and giving them a place to settle would be a good fit. Instead later on, this backfired causing more foreigners to move and settle leading to colonization and less land for indigenous people.
The woman mistaken as the queen by Cook who used that alliance and relationships to benefit her status and her son’s.
Purea
This group was composed of worship for the god of warfare and gained followers in Tahiti after Wallace’s crew came along
ʻOro Cult
These Pacific Islands were named during Tasman’s voyage.
Rapanui (Easter Island), New Zealand, and Tasmania
During the reign of the Pōmare Dynasty, how old was Pōmare III when he died?
Seven years old
Oceanic Islanders had more control of the engagements with foreign arrivals, what advantage did they gain from this?
Indigenous peoples had gained advantage over having strong control over foreign encounters earlier, and had gained power, technology, and had benefited more with alliance with foreign powers who were more technologically advanced.
_______ was the name given to Melanesian people that was the result of the prejudices by Europeans that was brought on by the African slave trade
“(ig)noble savages”
Urbanization, why was it happening, and where was it happening at?
Urbanization was happening in coastal areas, also referred to as beach communities because they were on the coast near accessible ports of open water for easy anchorage. European trade also boosted these small communities into larger ones.
European assumptions of Oceania.
Europeans had seen Oceania as a lesser weaker region compared to their own, and the Idea that they had not yet been corrupted by Western Civilization. (Noble Savages)
Shortly after these accommodations, unintended outcomes had hit the indigenous populations, what were the consequences?
The selling of land, leasing of land, disease, and being technologically disadvantaged had caused the foreigners to disempower the islanders over time, as they alienated and claimed more land.
Europeans had found what type of source in the region of Oceania (not on land), and what was this source used for?
Europeans had begun whaling in the region, using whale blubber as an oil-like substance for fuel, and using whale bones, brought whalers into pacific island places, such as Honolulu and other regions with ports for docking.
This trade network dominated by a foreign power was deemed the triangular ___ Trade, what were some of the items traded between the different regions?
The triangular China Trade, a trade network that was between Mexico and the Philippines as they were under Spanish rule, had traded between European/American (tobacco, metal, beads) - Pacific (sandalwood, pearl, turtle shell and bêche-de-mer) - China (tea, silver, luxury goods)
South West Oceania was avoided for a long period of time, for why had foreign powers decided to not explore this region
SW Oceania was looked at the same way Europeans had their views on African countries during the time as well, considering them the same. They viewed the indigenous people of SW Oceania as Ignoble savages, as well as the system of power was confusing for them (Big Man).
Why did beach communities grow and become main port towns in Oceania?
Beach communities grew because of the easy access to the mainstream trade paths, as they were also easily accessible due to the open ports free of reefs and readily available products. Also other ports such as Manila and Sydney were no longer keeping the trade needs of the islands.
What were some of the goals that the indigenous people had when foreigners arrived on their shores.
Some of the main goals that the indigenous people had was to pursue an enhanced status among their peers, and alliance building with foregin power.
From the reading, when a native tried to steal from the captain's quarters what did the Europeans do to them?
They tried to shoot and hook the thief from escaping which did not bother the Chief. This person had specific orders by the Chief to see what the Europeans were hiding on their ships. Showing a lack of trust between one another.
This dynasty of Tahiti who had established connections with Cook and British Missionaries.
Tu, or Pōmare 1 had established the Pōmare dynasty after he and Tutara had dethroned Purea from her current reign of power. Supported the links between Oro traditions and alliance of Europeans.