Chapter 9: Cell Structure & Function
All organisms are made of ___________.
Cells
Ingesting or creating _________ is the first step to generating energy.
Nutrients
What is an organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs?
Chloroplast
Cellular respiration is broken into what two stages?
Anaerobic Respiration and Aerobic Respiration
What is a sequence of reactions that releases high-energy electrons from pyruvate?
Krebs Cycle
_________ are parts of a cell, each performing specific jobs within a cell.
Organelle
What is the process in which nutrients are broken down?
Metabolism
The prefix photo - comes from a Greek word meaning "_____", while the root synthesis comes from another Greek word meaning "__ ___ ________."
"light"
"to put together"
What is the process by which pyruvate is broken down without oxygen, creating ATP and a byproduct?
Fermentation
What is the last step of aerobic respiration?
Electron Transport Chain
In the ____________ , oxygen and sugars from food react in a series of chemical reactions to create energy for the cell.
Mitochondria
What is the simplest organic compound produced in an organism?
Sugar Glucose
________ provides the energy for Photosynthesis to happen.
Sunlight
What are additional products from chemical reactions that might be unintended and unable to be used?
Byproduct
_________ is the movement of anything from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion
Cellulose
What is the process in which plants, algae, and some bacteria create glucose using light, water, and carbon dioxide?
Photosynthesis
______ are the most important organism for removing the carbon dioxide created by human activity from the environment.
Plants
What are atoms that contain either a positive or negative charge?
Ions
___ ________ is a gate for hydrogen ions to go through.
ATP Synthase
Photosynthesis happens in the ____________, which contain ___________, the substance that powers synthesis.
Chloroplasts, Chlorophyll
After the glucose is available, the cells engage in ________ ___________ to convert the sugar into ___, an energy-rich organic molecule.
Cellular Respiration, ATP
What is a complex carbohydrate made by chaining glucose molecules together?
Starch
____________ is the movement of ions across a membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration through diffusion.
Chemiosmosis
The electron transport chain, the process of chemiosmosis, and the creation of water are called _________ _______________.
Oxidative Phosphorylation