Higher Incarceration Rates
What does incarceration mean?
Being in prison
Police practices that unfairly target certain racial groups are called what?
Systemic bias
Indigenous individuals are more likely to be denied what before trial?
Bail
What historical system removed Indigenous children from their families?
Residential Schools
What service helps people who cannot afford a lawyer?
Legal Aid
Indigenous people are about 5% of Canada’s population but about what percent of federal prisoners?
About 30%
Indigenous people may experience more police stops due to what type of policing practice?
Racial profiling
Indigenous offenders sometimes receive longer what for similar crimes?
Sentences
Trauma passed from one generation to another is called what?
Intergenerational Trauma
When someone has no lawyer, they may do what in court?
Self Representation
What group of Indigenous people is also highly overrepresented in youth facilities?
Indigenous youth
Distrust between Indigenous communities and police is often caused by what?
Historical discrimination
Canadian courts must consider Indigenous background factors under what principles?
Gladue principles
Colonial policies often caused loss of what important resource?
Land
Many Indigenous communities face legal access challenges due to what locations?
What government effort aims to reduce discrimination in the justice system?
Indigenous Justice Strategy
Police systems influenced by colonial attitudes may create what type of policing?
Discriminatory policing
Longer pre-trial detention can increase what in prisons?
Overrepresentation
Trauma from colonialism can affect what two major areas of life?
Mental Health
Lack of counseling and advocacy programs reduces what type of support?
Support Services
Overlapping issues like poverty and trauma increase what risk?
Justice system involvement
What long-term system still affects Indigenous interactions with police today?
Colonial legacy
Failing to apply Gladue principles can lead to what type of sentencing?
Unfair sentencing
Colonial systems created long-term what in Indigenous communities?
Social inequality
Limited legal resources can lead to what kind of court outcomes?
Unfair Outcomes