Skeletal
Facilitate voluntary movement by contraction and relaxation, stabilise joints, store nutrients, assist in body temperature regulation, and enable posture and stabilisation.
What are the functions of skeletal muscle?
Non-striated homogenous filaments, fusiform shape with elastic properties, lacking sarcomeres.
What is the basic structure of smooth muscle?
Involuntary contraction and relaxation. Facilitate the contraction of the heart exclusively and help regulate contractions throughout the structure to ensure consistency.
What are the functions of cardiac muscle?
Striated parallel fibres, bundled together by an epimysium, converging towards attachment points.
What is the basic structure of skeletal muscle?
Involuntary contraction, facilitates internal movement such as peristalsis, contraction of blood vessels, and excretory processes.
What are the functions of smooth muscle?
Striated tubular fibres with repeated sarcomere sections, branched not bundled.
What is the basic structure of cardiac muscle?
The point at which the nervous system communicates with the muscle tissue to initiate or terminate contraction.
What is a neuro-muscluar junction?
Step 3 of the contraction process, exclusive to smooth muscle, activates MLCK.
What is the calcium-calmodulin protein complex?
Self-generated by the heart, triggers the cellular mechanisms of contraction. (If embryonic cardiac muscle cells are cultured alone in a petri dish, they are still able to produce this).
What is an electrical impulse?
Protein molecules that bind together in order to cause contraction. One converts ATP into mechanical energy, the other is pulled along as a result.
What are myosin and actin?
Regulatory protein involved in the binding of calcium for contraction.
What is calmodulin?
Regulatory process relating electrical stimulation to the force and speed of contraction, based on strength of electrical impulse and volume of calcium mobilisation.
What is excitation-contraction coupling?
X-linked genetic disease, affecting the production of dystrophin. Weakness in muscles, starting in pelvis and shoulders, begins in early childhood with difficulty sitting / standing up, progresses throughout body.
What is Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy?
Largely idiopathic, suggested genetic. Delayed emptying on the stomach into the small intestine, dysregulation of peristalsis, resulting in vomiting, acid reflux, and malnutrition, varying severities.
What is Gastroparesis?
Genetic condition. Tachycardia and sudden cardiac arrest in young patients, originating from the right ventricle. Dizziness, shortness of breath during exertion or lying down, palpitations and awareness of heartbeat.
What is arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia / cardiomypathy (ARVD/C)?