Army & Empire
The Romans ruled over THIS MANY people OR THIS PERCENTAGE of the world's population
What is 50-90 million OR 25% of the world's population
The Romans never defeated these fierce warrior tribes.
Who is the Caledonians, or the people living in what is now called Scotland.
Britain became more peaceful as THIS happened.
What is more and more tribes were defeated and peace was made with other tribes?
This is how attacks on the empire led to the fall of the empire.
What is uncivilized barbarians in northern and central Europe attacked so many towns that the Roman army could not defend all of them?
Define literate
What is able to read and write
A legion contained THIS MANY soldiers, but was split into group of THIS MANY, called THIS
What is 5000 soldiers, which were split into groups of 80 soldiers and were called a century?
The Roman emporer Claudius wanted to invade Britain for THESE REASONS (4 possible, name 2).
What is 1) to show he was a strong leader. 2) He was unhappy with the Celts who helped tribes in France fight against the Romans. 3) They were looking for resources (land, iron, lead, zinc, copper, silver, and gold) 4) When they conquered new lands, they got control of the local resources.
All Roman towns were laid out in the same way. Describe them (3 things).
What is 1) they were protected by tall, thick walls, 2) their straight streets were laid out in a grid pattern, 3 they had houses, shops, markets, meeting places, workshops, offices and temples.
This is how money problems led to the fall of the empire (name 2 of 3).
What is 1) expensive parties and building projects wasted money, so 2) taxes had to be raised to pay for the large army, causing 3) many people to rebel.
Define goods
What are things that people trade, for example food, tools, clothing and luxury items
Centuries were split into THIS MANY groups of HOW MANY, who all shared the same WHAT?
What is 10 groups of 8 soldiers who shared a tent together?
The Romans built THIS across England for THESE 2 REASONS.
What is Hadrian's Wall to keep watch and defend against attacks?
THIS is what a villa is like (describe 4 of the 5 rooms or characteristics).
What is: They had 1) small bedrooms with only a bed, 2) a courtyard where people talked and relaxed, 3) an atrium where owners greeted guests, 4) a kitchen with slaved to cook local foods, 5) a dining room where people sat on the floor to eat around a low table, 6) under-floor heating, and 7) beautiful wall paintings and mosaics.
What is 1) the larger empire demanded more soldiers, 2)When there weren't enough, non-Romans were recruited from conquered tribes, 3) They weren't always commited to the empire, and 4) they didn't always follow orders in battle.
Define assassinate
What is to murder an important person, usually for political or religious reasons
Romans protected themselves in battle by doing THIS which was called the testudo.
Tell about the 2 types of soldiers in the Roman army (4-5 things about each type).
What is legionaries (Roman citizens, owned property/farms, was tall, fit, literate, 17+ yrs of age, serving 20+ years) and auxillaries (not Roman/recruited from other tribes, served 25+ years, not paid as well, did dangerous jobs).
THIS is what it is like to live in a villa (3 things)
1) Wealthy Romans moved out of towns to build villas nearby, 2) Villas were surrounded by farmland and workshops (making iron, pottery), 3) Owners lived in the main building and slaves and workers in smaller buildings, 4) Villas were luxurious!
This is how the large size of the empire led to its fall (name 4 things).
What is 1) it was so large that it was difficult to control so 2) Diocletian split it into 2 parts, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire, but 3) the new rulers often disagreed, 4) wars were caused by these disagreements.
Define occupation (as in Roman occupation)
What is a period of time when a country is controlled by a military force
Name the 3 special/larger weapons that the Romans used from the book.
What is the ballista (a type of powerful crossbow), the battering ram (a heavy object used to break down doors) and an onager (a powerful catapult)?
Tell about the soldiers' uniforms (up to 6 things), and their training (at least 4 things).
What is: They had armour, metal helmets, a short sword, hard, leather skirts, sandals with iron studs, and a large curved shield. They could march 32km in 5h, practiced sword-fighting and javelin throwing daily, could cook/swim/sail boats/build bridges.
Describe what life was like in Roman Britain, for example the towns, the work, and/or customs (name 4 of 6 things).
What is 1) many tribes moved to be near the towns to feel safer, 2) farmers sold crops and cattle to Romans, 3) people could work on farms, building houses or road, 4) they made money by trading wool, gold, silver, lead, and pottery, 5) Britons started to behave and dress more like Romans, 6) Romans started to adopt local traditions
This is 1) why being a good historian is important, 2) what the aim is, 3) what is studied, and 4) what the people who study THIS are called. Answer all 4.
What is 1) its important to understand the past, 2) the aim is to understand what people of the past were like and how they lived, 3) things that people made, used, and left behind are studied, and 4) the people (archeologists) study archeology.
Define barbarian
What is the name given to tribes that the Romans considered to be uncivilized.