scientific knowledge
what is respiratory gas exchange
respiratory gases in the alveoli of the lungs and the capillaries of the body tissue
what are the parts of the cardiovascular system
-myocardial pump
-myocardial blood flow
-coronary artery circulation
-systematic circulation
-blood flow regulation
-conduction system
what are some lifestyle factors that affect oxygenation
1) nutrition
2) hydration
3) exercise
4) smoking/substance use
5) stress/environment
what is hemoptysis vs expectoration vs copious
h: coughing blood
e: extra mucus
c: alot of ___
what conditions alter respiratory physiology
sickness
SOB
COPD
2. amount of hemoglobin
3. ability of hemoglobin to bind with oxygen
what are the factors affecting oxygenation
1) decrease oxygen-carrying capacity
2) hypovolemia (decreased circulating blood volume)
3) decreased inspired oxygen concentration (hypoventilation)
4) increased metabolic rate
5) chest wall movement
hypo: alveolar ventilation does not meet oxygen demand or eliminate enough CO2
hyper: lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism
examples of changes in the cardiac system
1) disturbance in conduction
2) altered output
3) impaired valvular function
4) myocardial ischema
what is work of breathing
effort required to expand and contract lungs
where does the regulation of ventilation happen
CNS
decreased hemoglobin (anemia)
carbon monoxide (poison)
what is hypoxia
inadequate tissue oxygenation at a cellular level
what is the difference between left and right altered cardiac output
left heart failure: lungs
right heart failure: rest of the body (swelling)
what is lung volume
amount of air a person can hold
what is ventiliation
act of air moving in and out of the lungs
what are examples of increasing the metabolic rate and oxygen demand
pregnancy
would healing
exercise
what symptoms does hyproxia have
blue lips
blue fingers
what are the two examples of myocardial ischemia
1. angina (chest pain from reduced blood flow)
2. MI (heart attack)(women feel in shoulder and jaw)
what is pulmonary circulation
move blood to and from the alveolar capillary membrane for gas exchange
what are the two parts of respiratory gas exchange
1. oxygen transport (lungs and cardiovascular)
2. carbon dioxide transport
examples of chest wall movement
COPD
pregnancy
trauma (gunshot)
MSK
obesity
what is orthopnea vs dyspnea vs tachypnea
o: SOB laying down
d: SOB
t: fast breathing rate
what if the difference between oxygenation and perfusion
o: air exchange and the respiratory system
p: cardiac system