Molecules to Organisms Vocabulary
Molecules to Organisms Concepts
Heredity & Evolution Vocabulary
Heredity & Evolution Concepts
Ecosystems Applications
100
This is the macromolecule that stores genetic material for all living organisms.
What is DNA?
100
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ since one has free-floating DNA and the other has a nucleus. _________ cells have a nucleus.
What is eukaryotic?
100
The process by which populations of organisms change over generations.
What is evolution?
100
Genetics are passed down from ____ to offspring.
What are parents?
100
Name the producer:
What is green plant?
200
This is the smallest unit of life.
What is the cell?
200
Plant and animal cells are both the same type of cell (either prokaryotic or eukaryotic). Plant and animal cells are both _____ cells.
What are eukaryotic?
200
This is the process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to future generations.
What is natural selection?
200
Natural selection is contributed to by ___________. This is what natural selection can choose from within a species or a population to develop stronger traits.
What is genetic variation?
200
Name BOTH apex predators:
What are lion and kite?
300
This is the type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions.
BONUS: another word for "speeds up" in the context of chemical reactions.
What is an enzyme?
BONUS: What is catalyze?300
Plant cells differ from animal cells in shape and function. Three of these six organelles can only be found in a plant cell: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, permanent vacuole, chloroplast, and mitochondria.
What are cell wall, permanent vacuole, and chloroplast?
300
The differences in the genetic makeup, or DNA, of individuals within a population.
What is genetic variation?
300
In the context of evolution, there are two selections working within natural selection. One type of selection works against organisms, making it harder to survive. The other type of selection is what an organism already possesses that makes it easier for it to survive. These are called selective _________ and selective ________.
BONUS: Which helps an organism to overcome the other?
What are [selective] pressure and [selective] advantage?
BONUS: Selective advantage means that the organism's traits help them overcome the selective pressure affecting their species.
300
Name all THREE primary consumers:
What are the mouse, rabbit, and goat?
400
This is the process where plants create their own energy.
BONUSx2: This is another term for an organism that makes its own energy. (2 possible answers)What is photosynthesis?
BONUSx2: What is autotroph or producer?
400
The Calvin Cycle creates three-carbon sugars that are later paired up to form glucose. In cellular respiration the ________ Cycle uses pre-digested glucose to make ATP and provide electron carriers for the electron transport chain.
What is the Krebs [Cycle]?
400
On the phylogenetic tree shown, there are two sister taxa. Name one. BONUS: name the outgroup.
What is (crocodiles, dinosaurs & birds) OR (primates, rodents & rabbits)?
BONUS: What are sharks?
400
The person who first wrote about natural selection in 1859 after spending time researching finches and beetles in isolated ecosystems.
Who is Charles Darwin?
400
A trophic level refers to the position an organism occupies in a food chain or food web, based on its feeding relationships. For example: primary consumers eat producers; secondary consumers eat primary consumers; tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers; etc. A certain amount of energy is lost before it can move up to the next level due to two reasons: ___________ & ___________.
What is the organisms at that level use energy to do their life-functions so that energy can't move up and energy is lost to heat [entropy] when organisms at the next trophic level finally do get a hold of it?
500
This is the process where plants and animals turn glucose into ATP in many steps.
What is cellular respiration?
500
Oxidative Phosphorylation is the final step in cellular respiration, resulting in 36-38 ATP molecules. It consists of two parts: ___________ & _____________.
BONUS: describe how ATP synthase is used to create ATP.
What are the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis?
BONUS: The Electron Transport Chain sets up a gradient of protons (H+ ions) in the inner mitochondrial space. These ions move back across the inner membrane through ATP synthase, created ATP. The movement back is called chemiosmosis.
500
HARD: The genetic makeup of an organism vs the expression of an organism would be ______type vs __________type.
What is geno[type] vs pheno[type]?
500
According to this phylogenetic tree, animals developed certain traits at key points.
Name the animal class that developed a bony skeleton but did not develop four limbs.
What is the Ray-finned fish?
500
The top of the energy pyramid is only home to a few apex predators because there is simply not enough energy (after loss especially) for an ecosystem to support more organisms. Give three scenarios where there would be even fewer apex predator species at the top of the energy pyramid.
Possible answers: +judgement on other answers
Producers are drastically reduced so the base of the pyramid is smaller, leading to smaller trophic levels all the way up.
Another level (not producers) is drastically reduced, creating a bottleneck after that point where the trophic levels above the reduced level are also drastically reduced.
Something catastrophic happens to the apex predators to begin with that makes them no longer apex predators like an invasive species that dramatically preys on the old apex predators.