Think like a Scientist
Fields of Earth Science
Earth Systems
Earth takes shape
Underwater volcanoes
100

This process helps scientists explore observations and answer questions.

What is the scientific method?
100

This branch studies rocks, fossils, and the history of Earth.

What is geology?

100

This Earth system includes all water, even water in the atmosphere.

What is the hydrosphere?

100

Our solar system began as a huge cloud of these two materials.

What are Hydrogen and Helium?

100

An underwater volcanic mountain that stays below sea level is called this.

What is a seamount?

200

This step uses the results to decide whether a hypothesis is supported.

What is the conclusion?

200

This branch studies weather and changes in the atmosphere.

What is meteorology?

200

This system includes all organisms and the environments in which they live.

What is the biosphere?

200

These two dense metals sank toward the center of young Earth.

What are nickel and iron?

200

This force from the weight of ocean water usually limits explosive underwater eruptions.

What is water pressure?

300

After collecting measurements, scientists perform this step to look for patterns in the data.

What is analyzing the data?

300

This branch studies interactions between organisms and their surroundings, including pollution.

What is environmental science?

300

This system extends from Earth’s surface down to its center.

What is the geosphere?

300

This force pulled the cloud’s material together as it collapsed.

What is gravity?

300

These two factors help determine whether a submarine volcano becomes an island.

What are magma supply and tectonic activity?

400

The application of scientific discoveries to practical needs is called this.

What is technology?

400

Astronomers use this main instrument to observe distant objects in space.

What is a telescope?

400

About this percentage of Earth’s water is salt water.

What is 97.5%? 

400

Material thrown into space by a collision with a young Earth may have formed this object.

What is the Moon?

400

A species native to only one particular location is described by this word.

What is endemic?

500

Scientists used this process, beginning in 1907 in the lesson’s timeline, to help determine Earth’s age.

What is radioactive decay?

500

Marine biology is a sub-area of this field.

What is oceanography?

500

This type of crust is generally older.

What is continental crust?

500

This process builds larger bodies when small pieces collide and stick together.

What is accretion?

500

These early microorganisms can make their own food using chemicals released by volcanic activity.

What are autotrophic bacteria?