Traits
What are inherited traits?
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Answer: Traits passed down from parents through genes, like eye color or dimples.
What is DNA?
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Answer: A material inside genes that carries instructions for traits.
What is genetic inheritance?
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Answer: The way traits are passed from parents to children through genes.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
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Answer: 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs.
What is a mutation?
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Answer: A change in a gene or DNA sequence.
Why do siblings often look alike?
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Answer: They share genes from the same parents.
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Answer: They share genes from the same parents.
How does genetics help in medicine?
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Answer: It helps doctors understand and treat inherited diseases.
Define “gene.”
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Answer: A tiny section of DNA that carries instructions for traits.
Give an example of a learned trait.
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Answer: Playing an instrument or learning a sport.
What do genes do?
.
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Answer: Carry instructions for building traits
If both parents have blue eyes, what color eyes might their child have?
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Answer: Most likely blue, since blue is a recessive trait and both parents must carry it.
What are chromosomes made of?
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Answer: DNA and proteins that carry genes.
Name a harmful mutation.
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Answer: Cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia.
Why don’t siblings look exactly the same?
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Answer: Each sibling gets a different mix of genes.
What is one example of a genetic disorder?
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Answer: Sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis.
What does “dominant” mean in genetics?
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Answer: A stronger gene that is more likely to show its trait
Name two physical traits that can be inherited.
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Answer: Eye color and hair type.
Where are genes located in the body?
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Answer: On chromosomes inside cells.
What does it mean if a child has brown eyes but one parent has blue?
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Answer: The brown eye gene is dominant and came from the other parent.
What do X and Y chromosomes determine?
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Answer: A person's biological sex (XX = female, XY = male).
Give an example of a helpful mutation.
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Answer: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria or giraffes having long necks.
How is gene inheritance like a card game?
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Answer: Parents "shuffle" their genes and pass different ones to each child.
How can genetics help farming?
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Answer: By creating stronger, disease-resistant crops and animals.
What does “mutation” mean?
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Answer: A change in a gene or chromosome.
What makes traits like favorite food or music different from eye color?
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Answer: They are learned traits, not inherited through genes.
How are genes like a recipe book?
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Answer: They provide specific instructions for building the body.
400 (Hard): How does inheritance explain family resemblances?
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Answer: Family members share genes that influence similar traits.
How do chromosomes help scientists study diseases?
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Answer: Changes in chromosome number or structure can cause or signal diseases.
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Answer: Changes in chromosome number or structure can cause or signal diseases.
What’s a neutral mutation?
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Answer: A DNA change that has no noticeable effect on the organism.
Can siblings both inherit the same recessive trait?
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Answer: Yes, if both parents carry the recessive gene.
How is conservation helped by genetics?
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Answer: It helps protect endangered species by improving breeding and genetic diversity.
What is “biodiversity”?
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Answer: The variety of living things in a habitat or ecosystem.
Why can two people with the same parents have different traits?
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Answer: They inherit different combinations of genes from their parents.
Explain the difference between dominant and recessive genes.
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Answer: Dominant genes show traits more often; recessive genes only show if both are inherited.
Why is it possible for a child to have traits neither parent seems to show?
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Answer: Recessive traits can be hidden in parents and appear in children if both pass it on.
How do chromosomes from each parent work together?
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Answer: Each parent gives one chromosome per pair, and they combine to determine traits.
How do mutations lead to evolution?
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Answer: Helpful mutations passed on over generations can lead to new traits that help survival.
How do inherited and learned traits appear differently in siblings?
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Answer: Inherited traits may be shared; learned traits depend on individual experiences.
How does genetic knowledge predict future changes in species?
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Answer: It tracks how species might adapt over time due to environmental pressures.
What is “evolution”?
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Answer: The process by which species change over time through genetic changes.