Taxation
The conditions under which the achievement of efficiency in production, allocation and distribution can be decentralized?
What is welfare economics
Scholars have been encouraging governments to measure their performance for?
What is over 100 years?
Proposition ______ , passed in 1978, has continued to have a significant impact on California for several years.
What is Proposition 13?
Benefits of the use of logic models includes?
What is ease of explaining & understanding
What is accountability?
V.O. Key's timeless question.
What is On what basis shall it be determined to allocate X resources to Activity A, or Activity B?
Kay says when economic activities of one agent affect the enjoyment, or the production possibilities, of another it is...
What are externalities
This is a tool that conveys a programs or project’s operations in a brief visual format
What is a logic model?
Local governments _________ their user fee reliance during and immediately after, what?
What is The Great Recession?
Since ___________ local governments in the US have relied upon performance budgeting when making budget cuts to assist in carry out painful decisions regarding budget cuts?
What is The Great Recession?
The condition that would be achieved if one’s racial identity did not predict an individual’s outcomes in employment, health, education, and income refers to?
What is racial equity?
This can help governments determine long-term and short-term revenue sources
What is forecasting?
One of the main factors adversely impacting governments to develop performance measurement or management systems is?
What are costs?
________ was first U.S. state to implement a modern state income tax in 1911.
What is Wisconsin?
Baltimore created this system to identify and track non-emergencies in the city.
What is CitiStat?
Harmful debt, such as medical bills and public fines and fees are referred to as _______?
What are Non-loan debts?
This state adopted the first retail sales tax in the US
What is Mississippi?
According to scholars, it is presumed that ________ is a necessary condition for effective performance management?
What is management flexibility?
User fees are favored by politicians because they typically do not require?
What is a public vote?
Methods to improve public participation in the budget process include?
What is Increasing the number of participants who are representative of the broader community?
_______ are leading factors associated with influencing the racial wealth gap?
What are racist public policies?
One method for states to use to increase budget reserves to sustain public investments during recessions
What are rainy day funds?
______________ provides data to make sure proposed interventions are a good fit for issues being addressed and for the communities where they will be delivered?
What is a Needs Assessment?
_______ has been a primary problem with the issuance of capital appreciation bonds.
What is a lack of information sharing?
According to Park, cities with increased resident participation use performance information for ____________ in the budgetary process?
What is strategic planning?
The effects various taxes have on different groups of people is known as _________?
What are the distributional effects?