Process
What tools were used to cut down trees?
Axes and crosscut saws
Why was it bad to cut down every tree?
Habitat, air quality, etc
What did some job options look like?
Some jobs would be harvesting, transport, and camp support positions.
What state was the top lumber producer in the 1800s?
Pennsylvania
What were the 3 primary stages involved in the process?
Harvesting/cutting, transporting logs, processing
What is deforestation?
the clearing or removal of forests for other land uses, such as agriculture, logging, mining, and urbanization
What were the dangers and most common injuries faced by loggers?
Broken bones, torn limbs, lacerations, and death, especially from crushing accidents or equipment related hazards like runaway logs.
What was Williamsport called?
Lumber Capital of the world
How long did it take to cut down a tree? (range)
Depended on size: hours-weeks
How much money did Pa generate for the economy with its logging between 1800s-early 1900s?
5.5 billion dollars
What are some qualities a logger might have?
Strong, aware of surroundings, and able to work outside during harsh conditions
What did Pennsylvania's forests look like before extensive logging began?
Over 90% of Pennsylvania was covered by dense, old-growth forests, with lots of white pine and eastern hemlock trees
Before railroads were invented or easily accessible, how were logs transferred from place to place?
Loggers made a raft out of pre-cut trees and floated cut logs down a river at the bottom of the mountain
How does logging impact the environment negatively?
Eliminates biodiversity, increases soil erosion, and climate change
How many jobs did the logging industry of pa in 1800s-early 1900s support?
Tens of thousands
What happened after this time period of logging?
Most of the old-growth forests were depleted, leading to significant environmental degradation which then led to a new conservation movement
During what seasons were logs cut, moved, and milled?
Cut-winter, moved-spring, milled-summer
How does logging impact the environment positively?
Maintain healthy forests, reduce risk of forest fires, supports economy, could improve habitat for wildlife.
What was the average wage of a logger? per day
65 cents
Which way does a tree fall?
The tree falls the way it leans