Kant
Another name for "pure" in Kant's philosophy
What is a priori?
Subjective principle of volition
What is a maxim?
Mill's claimed progenitor in the theorizing of utilitarianism.
Who is Socrates?
The feature of Mill's utilitarianism which makes it altruistic.
What is impartiality in GHP?
What is virtue?
Kant's stated purpose in Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals.
What is the establishment of the supreme principle of morality?
Definition of law
What is "an objective principle of volition"?
Another name for the principle of utility
What is "Greatest Happiness Principle"?
The kinds of external sanctions.
What are reward and/or punishments from fellow men or from God?
Plato's notion of justice (at least, according to the Republic)
What is "minding one's own business"?
The best means, according to Kant, for nature to direct something toward happiness.
What is instinct?
The necessity for acting out of respect for the law
What is duty?
The unbridled pursuit of pleasure
Internal sanction
What is the feeling of duty?
Aristotle's definition of a soul
What is "the first grade of actuality in a natural, organized body"?
The purpose of reason.
What is the production of a will good in itself?
The positive definition of freedom
What is self-legislation (autonomy)?
What is the difference in kind, and not just in degree, between pleasures?
The difference between natural feeling of retaliation and a properly moral sentiment.
What is social sympathy (feeling of unity with mankind)?
Aquinas's threefold division of the speculative sciences.
What are physics, mathematics, and metaphysics?
The first formulation of the categorical imperative.
What is "Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law"?
The second formulation of the categorical imperative.
What is "So act as to treat humanity, whether in thine own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end withal, never as means only"?
The chief features of expediency, according to Mill
What are (1) preference for oneself and (2) preference for the short-term?
Mill's notion of intention
What is the willing of a certain outcome?
The three parts of the classical schema for morality.