This component of analgesia is associated with "reducing the distress associated with pain" and is specific to opioids. Hint: It is associated with activation of Mu receptors.
What is Affective component (and/or Euphoria)?
100
Not counting the ORL1, the number of opioid receptor subtypes.
What is 7: Mu1&2, Delta1,2 & Kappa1,2,3.
100
Tolerance is defined as an increase in the _____ needed to produce a given pharmacologic effect.
What is dose (of drug)?
100
The greek name associated with the title of this category and includes the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
What is pharmacokinetics?
100
The Gold Standard of opioids.
What is morphine?
200
The postsynaptic action of opioids.
What is increasing potassium conductance or increasing the inhibitory post synaptic potential?
200
The side effects of the Mu receptor subtypes.
What are euphoria, analgesia, respiratory depression, physiological dependence?
200
These opioid effects are not as susceptible to tolerance.
What are constipation and miosis?
200
Distribution of opioids is influenced by tissue-type absorption, tissue perfusion, and _________ binding.
What is protein?
200
This agent's "all-day" 1/2 life is its main drawback in routine clinical use.
What is methadone?
300
This “type” of analgesia is linked with reduced neurotransmitter release.
What is Peripheral analgesia?
300
Opioid agonist-antagonists affect these two receptor subtypes.
What are Mu & Kappa receptors?
300
Desensitization of this opioid receptor type is considered to be responsible for the development of tolerance.
What is/are Mu receptor(s)?
300
Gastrointestinal absorption subjects most orally administered opioids to diminished bioavailability due to this effect.
What is first-pass?
300
This agent is the only opioid that is associated with tachycardia.
What is meperidine (Demerol)?
400
This “type” of analgesia is linked with inhibition of postsynaptic neurons.
What is Spinal analgesia?
400
Dysphoria and hallucinations are mediated by these opioid receptors.
What are Kappa receptors?
400
This syndrome is characterized by clear-cut symptoms such as increased irritability/restlessness, runny nose, diarrhea, shivering, and piloerection.
What is abstinence syndrome?
400
This conjugated form of morphine is more potent than its parent compound.
What is morphine-6-glucuronide?
400
This agent will normalize pupil size within 1-3 minutes of administration.
What is naloxone?
500
Opioid receptors are remarkably complex signaling molecules and as a family are all referred to as:
What are G-protein coupled receptors?
500
Miosis is mediated by these two opioid receptor subtypes.
What are Mu and Kappa receptors?
500
These pathways from the Locus Coeruleus are implicated in the development of abstinence syndrome.
What are Noradrenergic?
500
The phenylpiperidines undergo extensive oxidative metabolism with the exception of this "Steele" member that is hydrolyzed.
What is Remifentanil? (Remi is short for Remington)