An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage.
What is Pain?
100
Most pain as we know it.
What is Nociceptive?
100
This augmented pain is thought to be facilitated.
What is Hyperalgesia?
100
Analgesia is chiefly mediated via this pathway.
What is descending or inhibitory pathway?
100
The two main anatomical sites for opioid receptors.
What are the spinal cord and brain.
200
Pain that persists long after injury has healed.
What is Neuropathic pain?
200
Secondary fibers in this tract transmit to posterior thalamic nuclei.
What is Spinothalamic tract?
200
This is pain that results from normally non-noxious stimuli.
What is Allodynia?
200
Two major sites of action of the descending pathway.
What are hypothalamus & spinal cord?
200
Fentanyl is a main type of this subgroup.
What are Phenylpiperidines?
300
This pain is transmitted by A delta fibers.
What is Somatic or first pain?
300
The tertiary fibers of the Spinothalamic tract terminate here.
What is somatosensory post-central gyrus?
300
The 2 principal neuropeptides that increase nociceptive facilitation at the spinal level.
What are Substance P & CGRP?
300
In the descending pathway, this major input site in the midbrain receives input from higher centers and is the main output center for the limbic system.
What is the periaqueductal grey (PAG)?
300
Opioid agonist-antagonists affect these two receptor subtypes.
What are Mu & Kappa receptors?
400
This pain is described as sharp and well localized.
What is Somatic or first pain?
400
Area of the first synapse in the spinal cord of the nociceptive pathway.
What is Substantia gelatinosa (or dorsal horn).
400
Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the periphery.
What is Glutamate (& ATP to lesser extent)?
400
Supraspinally, these are the principal sites of action of opioids. ("The ahhhhhh of analgesia.")
What are the amygdala, insular cortex, hypothalamus, PAG, and rostroventral medulla.
400
In this type, the chemical exhibits the highest affinity for opioid receptors, binds to them, and produces a biological response.
What is a pure agonist?
500
This type of pain may also be referred to site away from the source.
What is Visceral pain?
500
The cell bodies of this peripheral afferent pain route are housed here.
What is/are Dorsal Route ganglion/ganglia?
500
Chief inhibitory neuropeptides as part of the descending inhibitory pathway.
What are endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins?
500
The main mediators of descending inhibition, besides 5-HT, norepinephrine, and adenosine.
What are endogenous opioids?
500
This class of agent mainly acts as an agonist, but it may act as antagonist due to its ability to competitively displace a full agonist from its receptor, thus leading to a reduction in drug effect.