Pain
Last longer than six months and is constant or recurring with a mild-to-severe intensity
What is chronic pain?
When assessing verbal patients, a pain assessment may also include documentation of the patient’s description of the following elements.
P: Precipitation or provoking factors
Q: Quality
R: Radiation or region of pain
S: Severity of pain
T: Time pain occurs or onset
The most common and effective method of pain relief
What is analgesic?
Mental and physical freedom from tension or stress that provides individuals a sense of self-control. Example:Yoga
What is relaxation?
A state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that wont allow the medication to work when the patient really needs it.
What is drug tolerance?
Pain in absence of an identifiable cause
What is idiopathic pain?
List a type of pain scale.
What is numeric, faces, non-verbal pain scale?
Used to treat mild to moderate pain.
What is nonopioids?
Rubbing of the muscles and joints for relief of tension
What is massage?
A state of adaption that is manifested by a drug class specific withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug, and/or administration of an antagonist.
What is physical dependence?
Pain type including sharp localized sensations in the body.
What is somatic pain?
Important roles of the nurse in pain management.
What is assessment & follow-up assessment, medication knowledge, patient education, non-pharmacologic options?
Psychoactive chemical that resembles morphine in its pharmacological effects
What are opioids?
Talk with friends and family. Listen to music, watch a movie, or read.
What is distraction?
A condition that results when a person ingests a substance or engages in an activity that can be pleasurable but the continued use/ act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilites.
What is addiction?
Pain caused from damage to nerves; often described as "pins and needles" or tingling sensations.
What is neuropathic pain?
Identify at least 2 types of pain.
What is
Radiating: starts at origin but extends to other locations
Referred: occurs in an area distant from original site
Phantom: perceived to be in an area that has been surgically removed; Burning, itching, and deep pain in the amputation
Psychogenic: arises from the mind; Can be just as severe and treated the same?
Pain associated with amputations.
What is phantom-limb pain?
Massage, warm bath, ice bag, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
What is cutaneous stimulation?
Describe the pain ladder steps.
Step 1:
NSAID's, nonopioid analgesics
Step 2: weak opioids: hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, tramadol
Step 3:
strong opioids: fentanyl, dilaudid, demerol, morphine
Four types of neuropathic pain.
What are
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Central pain syndrome
Diabetic neuropathy
Phantom limb pain
Sciatica
Trigeminal neuralgia
This pain scale is useful in adults with low literacy and/or has difficulty communicating
What is Faces Pain Scale
Identify at least 3 non-pharmacologic pain management strategies.
What is
Acupuncture
Art or music therapy
Biofeedback therapy
Chiropractic manipulation
Guided imagery
Heat or cold compress
Heat increases blood flow, relaxing muscles and easing stiffness; useful for chronic pain
Cold restricts blood flow causing reduced swelling; useful for acute pain or injury
Hypnosis
Massage
Essential oils
Mild electrical current passed through external electrodes.
What is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation?
(TENS)
List at least 3 benefits of effective pain management.
1.Fewer Complications
2. Faster healing
3. Decrease hospital stay
4. Improves quality of life