It is indicative of an actual or potential problem and lasts less than 6 months.
What is acute pain?
100
Duration or intensity of pain a person is willing to endure. Varies individually.
What is pain tolerance?
100
Process by which pain signals can be facilitated or inhibited.
What is pain modulation?
100
Types of physiological responses that occur with acute pain: increase in mental alertness, dilated pupils, increase in systolic BP, RR and HR
What are sympathetic responses?
100
The most reliable indicator of a patient's pain.
What is a patient's self-report?
200
Painful stimuli converted to nerve impulses by nociceptors
What is transduction?
200
The endogenous analgesia system releases these substances to decrease or black transmission of pain signals and pain perception
What are endogenous opioids?
200
Sympathetic responses to pain decrease after this amount of time after the onset of pain
What is one hour?
200
Pain is often under-reported in this group of people, and they tend to have and report more pain.
What is the elderly?
300
Pain that starts at a site of injury and extends to other parts of the body?
What is radiating pain?
300
Transduction occurs from the activation of nociceptors from these 3 types of stimuli.
What are mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli?
300
According to the Gate-Control Theory of Pain Modulation, pain being transmitted along these slower fibers can be blocked by stimulating larger, faster fibers.
What are C-fibers?
300
Parasympathetic responses occur with what type of pain?
What is chronic pain?
300
Describe the letters in the acronym WILDA.
What is Words, Intensity, Location, Duration, and Aggravating/Alleviating factors?
400
Burning, shooting, "pins and needles" sensation
What is neuropathic pain?
400
During transmission of pain, peripheral nerves carry pain messages to what part of the spinal cord?
What is the dorsal horn?
400
The Gate-Control Theory of Pain Modulation is the basis for the development and use of this pain relief measure.
What is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation?
400
What physiological changes occur with parasympathetic responses to chronic pain?
What are decreases in systolic BP, HR, RR, respiratory pattern, constriction of pupils, slow speech, pale/ashen color, n/v?
400
Regarding pain expression, these cultures tend to be more expressive.
What are African American, Arab, and Jewish cultures?
500
Diffuse, achy, poorly localized pain.
What is visceral pain?
500
Large-diameter myelinated fibers that transmit fast pain impulses and also pleasurable stimuli.
What are A-delta fibers?
500
What are two other forms of pain relief measures based on the Gate-Control Theory of Pain?
What is acupuncture, massage, application of heat and cold, contralateral stimulation, percutaneous electrical stimulation?
500
Physiological responses to pain puts individuals at risk for which types of problems/illnesses?
What are blood clots, DVT, angina, pneumonia, atelectasis, fatigue, immobility, edema, hyperglycemia?
500
Two pain scales appropriate for non-English patients.
What is the Verbal Descriptor Scale and the pain thermometer?