Founding & Ideology
This 1930 address by Allama Iqbal laid the philosophical groundwork for a separate Muslim state.
What is the Allahabad Address?
This agreement defined the border between Pakistan and China in 1963, causing Indian objection.
What is the Sino-Pakistan Agreement?
Pakistan's first military coup occurred under this President.
Who is Iskander Mirza?
This civil disobedience movement led by Fatima Jinnah opposed Ayub Khan’s military rule.
What is the 1965 Presidential Campaign?
This constitutional body is tasked with ensuring that laws conform to Islamic injunctions.
What is the Council of Islamic Ideology?
This British official proposed the 3rd June Plan which led to the partition of India.
Who is Lord Mountbatten?
This line, drawn in 1893, forms the western border between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
What is the Durand Line?
This covert CIA-supported operation used Pakistan as a base to arm Afghan mujahideen in the 1980s.
What is Operation Cyclone?
This legal framework order allowed President Musharraf to rule by decree after his 1999 coup.
What is the Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO)?
This amendment removed the Prime Minister’s authority to dissolve the National Assembly, reversing Zia-era changes.
What is the 13th Amendment?
This controversial pamphlet by Chaudhry Rahmat Ali coined the name "Pakistan."
What is "Now or Never"?
This province's accession to Pakistan involved a controversial referendum in 1947.
What is the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)?
This secret military plan failed disastrously in 1965, leading to the Second Indo-Pak War.
What is Operation Gibraltar?
This movement of lawyers and civil society in 2007 demanded the restoration of Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry.
What is the Lawyers' Movement (Adliya Bahali Tehreek)?
This 1985 constitutional amendment introduced Article 58(2)(b), allowing the President to dismiss the PM.
What is the 8th Amendment?
Name the leader of the Khilafat Movement who later opposed the creation of Pakistan.
Who is Maulana Abul Kalam Azad?
Name the princely state whose accession to India sparked the first Indo-Pak war.
What is Jammu and Kashmir?
This Cold War-era alliance included Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and the UK.
What is the Baghdad Pact (later CENTO)?
This technocratic institution was given extraordinary powers under General Zia for Islamization of laws.
What is the Federal Shariat Court?
Name the 1953 constitutional crisis that led to the dismissal of Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin.
What is the Ghulam Muhammad Dissolution (use of reserve powers by the Governor-General)?
This lesser-known pact between Jinnah and Gandhi attempted to reconcile Hindu-Muslim political representation but failed.
What is the Gandhi-Jinnah Talks (1944)?
This enclave exchange agreement with India was signed in 1974 but only implemented decades later in 2015.
What is the Land Boundary Agreement?
This doctrine, developed after the 1971 war, underpins Pakistan’s strategic deterrence policy.
What is the Minimum Credible Deterrence Doctrine?
Name the little-known political agreement between Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif in 2006 promoting democratic norms.
What is the Charter of Democracy?
This landmark Supreme Court case ruled that the 2007 emergency and PCO by Musharraf were unconstitutional.
What is the Sindh High Court Bar Association Case (2009)?