Outgroups
Between Ornithischia, Theropoda, and Sauropoda, the outgroup to Saurischia
What is Ornithischia?
The part of your body inherited from your common ancestor with Pikaia
What is the spinal cord?
The event that killed all the non-avian dinosaurs
What is the End-Cretaceous Extinction?
The geologic period during which most fossil fuels were deposited
What is the Carboniferous?
The "whorl-toothed" shark
What is Helicoprion?
Between Pterosauria, Sauropoda, and Aves, the outgroup to Dinosauria
What is Pterosauria?
We heard that this trait is the defining characteristic of all mammals
What are the three bones of the inner ear?
The worst mass extinction of all time
What is the End-Permian Extinction?
This event, abbreviated GOBE, was an example of adaptive radiation
What is the Great Ordovician Biodiversity Event?
The "Lazarus fish," a sarcopterygiian thought to have gone extinct with the dinosaurs until a live one was caught in the 1930s
What is the Coelacanth?
Between Coelacanthus, Tiktaalik, and Mastodonosaurus, the outgroup to Tetrapoda
What is Coelacanthus?
Thank a shark for inheriting this feature of your body from the common ancestor you share
What are jaws?
Our tetrapod ancestors survived this mass extinction in the same geologic period as their transition onto land
What is the Late Devonian Extinction?
The breakup of Pangaea started between these two mass extinction events
What are the End-Permian and End-Triassic extinctions?
This early amphibian had tusks on its lower jaw that protruded upward through the top of its snout
What is Mastodonosaurus?
Between Guiyu, Titanichthys, and Xiphactinus, the outgroup to Osteichthyes
What is Titanichthys?
This fossil species had the earliest example of a bony skeleton
What is Guiyu?
This event cleared the way for dinosaurs, rather than early mammalian relatives, to dominate terrestrial ecosystems
What is the End-Triassic Extinction?
This early event is commonly called "the origin of phyla" (although we learned otherwise in a lab activity)
What is the Cambrian Explosion?
Sometimes called the "disaster taxon," this animal represented 90% of all animals in terrestrial ecosystems immediately following the Great Dying
What is Lystrosaurus?
Between Helicoprion, Cladoselache, and Dunkleosteus, the outgroup to sharks
What is Dunkleosteus?
All Sarcopterygiians, including yourselves, have this pattern of forearm bones in common
What is "one bone, two bones, lots of little bones, and fingers"?
The only mass extinction that may have been caused by global cooling
What is the End-Ordovician Extinction?
A thin layer of Iridium found around the world is the most visible indicator of this event
What is the End-Cretaceous Extinction?
The North American representative of "shovel-tusked" elephants
What is Ambelodon?